Vengeance In Shakespeare And Literature English Literature Essay

Vengeance In Shakespeare And Literature English Literature Essay Numerous dramas and works of literature by William Shakespeare are known for their intensely dramatic scenes. And because of violence enhancing the deaths of literature works, it is in favor for writers of literature to put much violence and death in their works and literature, after annotating Shakespeares use of revenge, and how it brings out the life of his plays. Shakespeares works use vengeance because it leads to the root of violence as well as draw excitement to readers, and by also showing the consequences of revenge, his works leave a notable and significant message that vengeance is not necessarily the best way to solve problems, and yet his use of vengeance in his works encourage the use of vengeance in literature. What is vengeance exactly? Vengeance is basically an infliction of injury, harm, or humiliation on a person who has been harmed by that person. Revenge and vengeance can be best described by the term an eye for an eye, a quotation from several passages of the Hebrew Bible (Leviticus 24:19-21, Exodus 21:22-25, and Deuteronomy19:21) in which a person who has injured the eye of another is obligated to give the value of his or her own eye in compensation. This mythological perspective is the main basis for many works of literature; most notable is that of Shakespeares Hamlet (DiYanni). The idea of vengeance for family honor causes great chaos and madness throughout the play Hamlet, and causes many more people who were beloved to get caught up in this circle of chaos, madness, and vengeance. Revenge causes the characters in Hamlet to act blindly and inattentively through anger and emotion, rather than through reasoning, intuition, and reliable thinking between actions and consequences. Based on the principle of an eye for an eye, this action is not always the best means to an end, nor is it righteous. The three characters Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet urged to avenge the deaths of their beloved fathers, whom were all murdered. All three characters acted on the emotion of rage driven by the thirst for revenge for their fathers deaths, and this led to the tragic death of both Laertes and Hamlet, and the rise of power for the Norwegian crowned prince Fortinbras who was heading for Denmark. This further leads to the perception that ones desire for vengeance can lead t o their downfall. Lost by his father, with all bonds of law, to our most valiant brother, provides information of Fortinbras, King of Norways, death which leads to the basis and understanding of how Fortinbrass thirst for vengeance arose (Hamlet I.ii.24-25). Fortinbras then aspires to recover the lands and power lost by his father as a way of honoring and avenging him (pinkmonkey). Polonius was an advisor to King Claudius and was a devoted member to Claudiuss ruling. Not only being a simple advisor, Polonius was the father to Laertes and Ophelia. How now! A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead, gives detail of Prince Hamlet killing Polonius while he was secretly listening in on a conversation between Hamlet and his mother (Hamlet III.iv.25). Once Laertes figures out his fathers murder, he does not hesitate and proceeds for vengeance quite hastily. King Claudius asked Laertes, to show yourself youre your fathers son in deed more than words (Hamlet IV.vii.137-138). Laertes then replies back stating, to cut his throat ith , thus proving Laertess inner desire for retribution of the death of his father. As for Hamlet; after hearing of his fathers death, Hamlets initial reaction was not vengeful nor did a desire for retribution occur. Hamlet first fell into a state of melancholy and depression. Not until King Hamlets ghost reveals the truth to Hamlet that his whole melancholy and depressed attitude changes. King Hamlets Ghost says to Hamlet, Murder most foul, as in the best it is, but this most foul, strange and unnatural (Hamlet I.v.31-32). Hamlet then replies to his fathers ghost stating, Haste me to knowt that I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep me to my revenge, thus interpreting that a whole new drive for vengeance has arose. Hamlet is almost totally sure that his uncle King Claudius had killed his father in order to take the power of the throne of Denmark (Hamlet I.v.33-35). But unlike Fortinbras, Hamlet does not act quickly or hastily because he is paralyzed by his own indecision and fear (pinkmonkey). The inability for Hamlet to take immediat e action becomes his main obstacle throughout the play. Eventually Hamlet does get his revenge, but the irony in the play is that Hamlet, by fulfilling his revenge, has destroyed the family whose honor he sought to avenge, which is a major turn around in the whole work, and gives readers an inner depth of feeling to this work (pinkmonkey). Fortinbras, Hamlet, and Laertes are burdened with the responsibility of avenging the murders of their respective fathers. The most interesting fact about Shakespeares work in context, that most readers would overlook, is the fact that while both Hamlet and Laertes find themselves in similar situations, they do not respond to their situations in a corresponding way for revenge (Sexton). Their display for vengeance is quite significantly different. Hamlet spends much of the play plotting on ways to take vengeance against his fathers murderer and is held back by his fear, while Laertes, on the other hand, reacts to the news of his fathers murder very quickly and rapidly (Sexton). These differences are based on both Laertes and Hamlets personality, values, initiative, and anger, which are the building blocks and glue to all acts of vengeance. Laertes can be described as an inflexible person and has a different sense of honor. Laertes acts out of great aggressiveness and pure anger, while Hamlets code of honor, on the other hand, can be portrayed as extremely different, because throughout Shakespeares work. Hamlet attentively plots and questions himself on which course of action is the utmost proper and effective way for his act of vengeance to take forth. This continues to support the theory that different men tend to different acts when it comes to vengeance. Unfortunately, this decision leads to the death of them both. Rather than approach vengeance as a task to be carried out in the most acceptable fashion, Hamlet and Laertes brainwash in their heads that murder is the only means of revenge, which is portrayed as a sociologic al aspect in literature: that a means of vengeance, particularly to men, has to involve death (pinkmonkey). Whatever happened to placing itching powder in ones underwear? Or just plain out of forgiving them, as one is supposed to in The Bible? Society now refers to vengeance as mere violence and bloodshed. Overall the plays conclusion makes it clear that the great distinction between Hamlet and Laertes is quite significant to Shakespeare because it develops a conflict in his work, and leads to deeper questioning whether vengeance is truly the best means to an end. Another Shakespearian work that displays a theme of vengeance in literature is Macbeth. In Macbeth the characters Malcolm and Macduff portray a desire for retribution for the deaths of their loved ones, whom Macbeth has murdered in his thirst for tyranny. He has no children. All my pretty ones? Did you say all? O hell-kite! All? What, all my pretty chickens and their dam at one fell swoop, explores Macduffs grief for the loss of his wife and son (Macbeth IV. iii. 216-219). Tyrant, show the face! If thou beest slain and with no stroke of mine, my wife and childrens ghost will haunt me still, explains that Macduff considers that he has the right to carry out vengeance (Macbeth V.vii.15-17). He may just have the right towards an eye for an eye, but just because one has a right to an action, doesnt necessarily mean that taking that action is the utmost right thing to do. For every action there is a consequence. In Hamlet the consequences of vengeance are exceedingly displayed. Although it never directly states that vengeance is the best means to an end, one can easily interpret that vengeance is not the correct motive. Hamlet proves that vengeance leads to more death that could have easily been avoided. To further display the negative aspects are sacred books such as the Holy Bible. The Holy Bible gives great detail of avoiding vengeance, and is the major source of answer to the question of whether vengeance is the best means to an end through a mythological perspective. God speaks out in the Bible stating: It is mine to avenge; I will repay. In due time their foot will slip; their day of disaster is near and their doom rushes upon them, thus stating that God only has the right to avenge anyone, while we as his people do not the right to seek any vengeance (Deuteronomy 32:35; Romans 12:19; Hebrews 10:30). God says that he will take care of everything. God never accepts vengeance from impure motives, such as taking part in vengeance for emotional distress. In Psalm 94:1, the psalmist asks God to avenge the righteous, not in a sense of anger, but out of justice from God, whose judgments are perfect. Although vengeance is a sin, and causes a negative impact to our society, it should still be encouraged to be placed in works of literature, and maybe movies, thats if the people who view such movies are competent enough to not act out upon such viewings. Who doesnt like a good story filled with vengeance? Vengeance in literature can play the role of an end to a magnificent plot, a ground-breaking intro, or encouragement for a friend to get his hands off the PlayStation every once in a while. To further prove vengeances impact on literature take note of best-selling books: Grendel by John Gardner, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and how vengeance gives these works great value in the eyes of many readers. The Great Gatsby is basically the basic soap opera that ends with death, due to misunderstanding and the need of vengeance. In the Fitzgeralds work, George Wilsons wife, Myrtle, is killed in a car accident. And by just assuming that his wife was intentionally murdered, and that its the will of God for him to act put upon vengeance; he shoots Tom Gatsby while he is floating in the swimming pool. Tom Gatsbys death played the dramatic climax in Fitzgeralds work, leaving thoughts in the minds of readers as the story concludes. For instance, the most captivating quote was about the basis of Toms death and Georges revenge When a man gets killed I never like to get mixed up in it in any way. I keep out. When I was a young man it was differentI stuck with them to the endLet us learn to show friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead (Fitzgerald, 147). By placing vengeance in literary context, Fitzgeralds work went from simplistic to captivating, in the eyes of many reade rs. Grendel by John Gardner possesses vengeance as well, and some may argue that it possesses greater value of vengeance than The Great Gatsby. Grendels mother and Beowulf display the best aspects of vengeance. Beowulf is assigned the task to slay Grendel, and cease his routinely devastating raids. The slaying of Grendel plays the role of vengeance, and also redemption within Gardners work. After her sons dismemberment Grendels mother also takes her place to seek revenge, although vengeance was not needed, for it was Grendel who had it coming. However, Grendels mother is still a mom who loves her child, and her task is to obtain vengeance for her son. This epic story reveals how vengeance can make literature into a visionary cinematic pleasure. Most great authors themselves promote vengeance in their work opposed to philosophers. Peter A. French is one of the many authors that defended vengeance and demonstrate its prevalence throughout our history and our literature -Although most moral philosophers reject vengeance as a barbaric sentiment, Peter French argues that it has fallen into disrepute without being seriously examined with respect to its real moral value. In beginning his philosophical examination of the virtues of vengeance, he investigates the use of vengeance themes in literature and popular culture. Literary works from the  Iliad  to  Hamlet  and modern film Westerns such as Clint Eastwoods Unforgiven  are reviewed in his exploration of the philosophical and ethical aspects of vengeance. He then concentrates on the conditions that could make acts of vengeance virtuous(kansaspress). Vengeance is the main foundation of a plethora of literary works, but most notable is that of Shakespeares. Vengeance plays a theme of most of Shakespeares plays, and is main component of its success. The portrayal of the consequences of vengeance shows that vengeance is most definitely not the best means to an end, and for those who are of Christianity, portray vengeance as a sin, because God strictly prohibits it. On the other hand vengeance, can be a positive impact in not just Western literature, but worldwide. By displaying vengeance in books, people can learn from mistakes, and speak towards their own thoughts on vengeance. Vengeance is an endless matter, and should also be endless theme of literature works throughout our time.

The Feasibility of Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World

The feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions in the world 1. 0 Introduction Water is the most valuable and indispensable resource for all forms of life. People need it for every activity: domestic use, agriculture and industry. Access to fresh water is regarded as a universal human right (United Nations Committee in Economics, Social and Cultural Rights, 2003). Drought has become an increasingly important problem in many parts of the world. Water scarcity is most common in arid and semiarid regions of the world, which cover one third of the Earth’s land surface (Smallwood, 2011).UNESCO and the Italian Ministry for the Environment and Territory (IMET) have launched â€Å"The Water Programme for Africa, Arid and Water Scarce Zones†, which seeks to develop the potential management of water resources to protect the fragile environment of water scarce regions. Additionally, limited fresh water resources available in these regions are also threatened with deterioration in quality due to hydrological changes. The accessible water in arid regions are often restricted to groundwater. Surface flows are usually limited to flash floods due to short duration and high intensity rainfall events.The purpose of this report to describe the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid region, like Africa. Firstly, this report will consider the background to this problem and then it will compare and analyze two water provision methods in Africa, desalination and dams. Finally, this report will offer some recommendations. 2. 0 Background Water is not only a physical resource: in every culture it is spread among social, spiritual, political and environmental meanings. So, solving the water problem means progress across all of these developments.This is mostly relevant in countries with no perennial rivers, streams, or permanent surface fresh water. Also, people in arid regions are uniquely vulnerable to econ omic and social changes. Achieving sustainable development has dramatic implications for reducing poverty and hunger. Today, millions of people still lack access to basic sanitation and every year many of them die from diseases related with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. According to The Water Project statistic’s, nearly 1 out of every 5 deaths under the age of 5 is due to water-related disease, such as cholera, diarrhoea and malari.Current predictions (UNWWAP, 2003) show that more than 20 developing countries will experience water shortage by 2025. Most of this countries are found in Africa and the Middle East. 2. 1 Water problems in Africa Water problems mostly take place in Africa, where it is predicted that 300 million people are affected by water shortages. (UNWWAP, UNESCO 2003) The University of Cape Town studied that climate change have a huge impact on Africa. For example, rain shortages have already caused many problems there.In East Africa more tha n 3 million people face hunger this year, because there hasn’t been any rain for three month. (BBC, 2011) Most people in Africa live in rural areas and they are still dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Internal renewable freshwater resources average about 3 950 km3 per year. This amounts to about 10 per cent of the freshwater resources available globally and closely resembles Africa’s share of the world population at 12 per cent (Donkor, 2003). Three of four Africans use the ground water as their main water supply.The ground water is not always available, it accounts for only 15% of the continent’s water. Perhaps the greatest cause of Africa’s problem of a lack water is that they can’t effectively utilize its resources. Approximately 4 trillion cubic meters of water is available every year, and only 4% of that is used. The continent and people lack the technical knowledge and financial resources. In Africa is the greatest percentage of people lacking access to safe drinking water, there are 25 nations in the world and 19 are in Africa. The global challenge, 2011) So adequate management of its water resources is crucial for the future of the African continent. 3. 0 Comparison of Options 3. 1 Dams In meeting critical water needs, there is some alternative technologies, such as dams and desalination. According to ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams), a large dam is dam with the height of 15 m or more. Regional inventories include nearly 1300 large and medium-size dams in Africa, 40 % of them are located in South Africa. Most of these were constructed in past 30 years, the reason is rising demand for water from growing population.The majority of dams in Africa have been constructed to facilitate irrigation (52%) and to supply water to municipalities (20%). Although only 6% of dams were built primarily for electricity generation, hydroelectric power accounts for more than 80% of total power generation in 18 African countries. Only 1% of African dams have been constructed to provide flooding control, according to the World Commission on Dams. Sudan’s president, Omar al-Bashir, is so proud of the new Merowe dam in the north of his country. Costing $1. billion, it will produce 1,250 megawatts and create a lake 108 miles long, above the Nile’s fourth cataract. (The Economist, 2010) However, if dam construction is predicted, then not only technically feasible options should be considered, but also economical viability, social acceptance and environment stability. 3. 2 Desalination In Africa, where water shortages are particularly severe, desalination technology has been developed to a point where it can serve as a reliable water source at a price almost comparable to that of the conventional sources.Desalination techniques are one of the available tools to avoid stressing freshwater resources. Nevertheless, they should always be considered as just one of the components of an i ntegrated water resources management process developed in conjunction with water conservation strategies (UNESCWA). South Africa is considering a major desalination programme for its coastal cities. Cornelius Ruiters, deputy directorgeneral of national water resources and infrastructure, told GWI that â€Å"At the moment, less than 1% of our water comes from desalination. We need to increase that by 7% and 10% by 2030.We are mostly dependent on surface water, and there is obviously a limit to that – we need to diversify our mix. † The cities of Cape Town and Ethekwini (Durban) are at the beginning of investigating desalination, but not decision have yet been taken on what technology would be used. Ruiters told â€Å" We have to examine all the options, both financial and technological, and look what are they doing in the Middle East, Singapore and China. Public – private partnerships are a possibility. † (Global Water intelligence, 2009) 4. 0 Conclusion a nd RecommendationDeveloping suitable policy and management system is essential to improve the value obtained from fresh water resources. This includes interventions to strengthen governance, improve knowledge and information systems including data collection and monitoring and evaluation, enhance human and institutional capacity, develop IWRM systems which focus on catchment and basins as the management unit, and mainstream gender. Cooperation and partnership, between multiple stakeholders and at multiple levels, from the local to the sub-regional to the regional, are at the core of successful interventions.These responses should improve the opportunities to meet urgent needs for potable water, sanitation, irrigation and hydropower, among others. A critical issue that will need to be addressed systematically in Africa is financing. Reference list UNESCO. (2004-2006). Water Program. Available: http://unesdoc. unesco. org. Last accessed [29. 11. 11] Arizona. (undated). Global Water Sh ortage Looms In New Century. http://ag. arizona. edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2. htm. Last accessed [29. 11. 11] Iahs. (1995) Isotope techniques for water resources in arid and semiarid region. ttp://iahs. info/redbooks/a232/iahs_232_0003. pdf. Last accessed [29. 11. 11] Abufayed, A. A. ( 2003) Desalination: supplemental source of water for the arid states of North Africa. http://www. ipcc. ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter3. pdf. Last accessed [29. 11. 11. ] Fao. (2007) Dams and Agriculture in Africa. http://www. fao. org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/Aquastat_Dams_Africa_070524. pdf. Last accessed [29. 11. 11. ] The Economist. (2010) Dams in Africa. http://www. economist. com/node/16068950. Last accessed [29. 11. 11. ]

Analysis Of Mahatma Gandhi, Robby Novak, And Farah Ahmedi

Numerous people undertake missions, just like Mahatma Gandhi, Robby Novak, and Farah Ahmedi. All goals, whether small or large, have an underlying purpose. Mahatma Gandhi freed India from British Rule and tried to establish equality for all. Robby Novak, also known as Kid President, wants to make the world a better place by uniting kids and adults. The Other Side of the Sky is about Farah Ahmedi tried to escape war-torn Afghanistan using help from others. Even though these three had different missions, all three wanted to make the world a better place or make a better life for themselves. Mahatma Gandhi was a man who fought for India to be free from the British domination and equality for all. Gandhi was a shy lawyer who did not like†¦show more content†¦Gandhi urged the Indian people to create their own clothing. In March of 1930, Gandhi and 78 followers marched to the sea to collect salt. When he and his followers reached the sea, He walked onto the beach and picked up a lump of salt in defiance of the Salt Acts, (Rau 84). This was of the most important, and most memorable, act by Gandhi. On August 15, 1947, India finally became free from the British rule. After India became free, Muslims and Hindus fought, so India was divided in two. Gandhi decided to fast to get the two groups to settle their differences. Nathuram Godse was a Hindu Extremist and killed Gandhi on January 30, 1948. One of Gandhis most famous quotations is, Be the change you wish to see in the world, (Gandhi). This shows that to make a change, people cant tell others what to do, but they sh ould do it themselves. Gandhi did not just say to make a change, he made the change himself. For doing things Gandhi thought were right, he was imprisoned 4 times throughout his life. Gandhi had been a light to the people of India and to the world. [...] He proved that truth and love are the strongest forces for change, (Rau 101). Gandhi inspired many people in the world and he did all of this to create a better life for others. Robby Novak has osteogenesis imperfecta, a medical condition where the bones in one’s body become brittle and easy to break,, but that doesnt stop him. Since he has had a lot of broken bones, he has had a lot of time on

Subordination with Adjective Clauses

In English grammar,  coordination is a useful way of connecting ideas that are roughly equal in importance. But often we need to show that one idea in a sentence is more important than another. On these occasions, we use subordination to indicate that one part of a sentence is secondary (or subordinate) to another part. One common form of subordination is the adjective clause  (also called a relative clause)--a word group that modifies a noun. Lets look at ways to create and punctuate adjective clauses. Creating Adjective Clauses Consider how the following two sentences might be combined: My father is a superstitious man.He always sets his unicorn traps at night. One option is to coordinate the two sentences: My father is a superstitious man, and he always sets his unicorn traps at night. When sentences are coordinated in this way, each main clause is given equal emphasis. But what if we want to place greater emphasis on one statement than on another? We then have the option of reducing the less important statement to an adjective clause. For example, to emphasize that father sets his unicorn traps at night, we can turn the first main clause into an adjective clause: My father, who is a superstitious man, always sets his unicorn traps at night. As shown here, the adjective clause does the job of an adjective and follows the noun that it modifies--father. Like a main clause, an adjective clause contains a subject (in this case, who) and a verb (is). But unlike a main clause an adjective clause cant stand alone: it has to follow a noun in a main clause. For this reason, an adjective clause is considered to be subordinate to the main clause. For practice in creating adjective clauses, try some exercises in Sentence Building With Adjective Clauses.   Identifying Adjective Clauses The most common adjective clauses begin with one of these relative pronouns: who, which, and that. All three pronouns refer to a noun, but who refers only to people and which refers only to things. That may refer to either people or things. The following sentences show how these pronouns are used to begin adjective clauses: Mr. Clean, who hates rock music, smashed my electric guitar.Mr. Clean smashed my electric guitar, which had been a gift from Vera.Mr. Clean smashed the electric guitar that Vera had given me. In the first sentence, the relative pronoun who refers to Mr. Clean, the subject of the main clause. In the second and third sentences, the relative pronouns which and that refer to guitar, the object of the main clause. Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three guidelines will help you decide when to set off an adjective clause with commas: Adjective clauses beginning with that are never set off from the main clause with commas. Food that has turned green in the refrigerator should be thrown away.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should not be set off with commas if omitting the clause would change the basic meaning of the sentence. Students who turn green should be sent to the infirmary. Because we dont mean that all students should be sent to the infirmary, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For this reason, we dont set off the adjective clause with commas.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should be set off with commas if omitting the clause would not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Last weeks pudding, which has turned green in the refrigerator, should be thrown away. Here the which clause provides added, but not essential, information, and so we set it off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Now, if youre ready for a short punctuation exercise, see  Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses.

A Brief Note On Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn

Sarah Jane Reshetiloff Mr. O’Hearn Honors British Literature 26 September 2015 Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterful social satire that demonstrates the awakening of a young, adventurous boy living in a culture of slavery. He uses humor and an unreliable narrator to convey social satire in the novel to reflect the flaws of society toward in the antebellum south. The novel was published in 1884, just after slavery was abolished in 1865. Needless to say, racism was prevalent and although slavery was outlawed, colored people did not have equal rights to white people. African-Americans across the country were still treated disrespectfully, beaten, and often murdered. With the outlawing of slavery in the south, racism was much more common there than in the north. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn takes place on the Mississippi River along Missouri and other various southern states. 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Determining Achievements in the Choice of School Free Essays

string(131) " for the proposition that society shift to the subsidization of private schools and away from the subsidization of public schools\." Every parent wants what is best for their child. Though parents do not have control over everything in their child’s development, education is one they do control. A person’s education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Determining Achievements in the Choice of School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because education is so important, what kind of education is best? Whether or not a public or private school is best may be an issue worth addressing. The debate over which is better is a battle that has gone on since private schools were first introduced as an alternative. It seems most people are of the opinion that private schools are superior; the issue is simply if it is worth the money. However, this may not be the case. Therefore, how does one gauge the superiority of a school? This very difficult question has no easy answers. The most common and maybe the only way that researchers can rate and measure the effectiveness of a school is by measuring achievement. The American Heritage Dictionary seems to define achievement as â€Å"something that has been accomplished successfully, especially by means of exertion, skill, practice, or perseverance. This efinition is not exactly what researchers are speaking of when they refer to achievement. Though they all seem to define it slightly different, achievement is refered to as an improvement in overall academic excellence that did not exist before or outside the classroom. Many researchers used achievement tests and SAT scores in longitudinal studies for this measure. These reports seem to suggest that public schools seem to perform at equal levels with private schools. But are SAT scores and achievement tests all that are important to a school and what it can provide for children? This question cannot be addressed with these The fact that I was raised in a private environment seems to suggest that I may not be better off than my private counterparts. Since a young age, I have attended private schools. From Kindergarten through all four years of high school, I have been in home schooling with my other brothers and sisters. I was raised on the idea that private schools are better than public ones. My parents and most of my peers still believe this. I might still think this also but with much less fervor. After high school, I then went on to Meramac, my first public school. It was here that I learned, in that large and diverse environment, and from talking to my friends now at public colleges, that maybe the average public and private system are not so different. I am not saying that high school and college are comparable, they are not. Maybe just the idea that private schools provide a superior education is false. I seem to be getting the same if not better education where I am now, at Meramac, than I would at some private college. I am afraid to ask how much my parents have spent on my education. Would I be I the same place today had I gone to public schools, only having a more However, one must keep in mind that the issue over weather private schools are superior to public ones cannot be calculated for just myself or any other individual. The facts and data stated here are averages, not necessarily the best and most accurate information for all children. Also, not all public schools are the same and not all private schools are the same. Again, the results here are supposed to be averages of each. Many schools are not even addressed. Public magnet schools, independent schools, and special education schools, are some examples. Another thing to bear in mind is that there are many more public schools than here are private ones, thus skewing the data some. With that I mind, I have found six journals written on, or pertaining to, the subject of achievement and whether private or public does a better job of promoting it. However, all of these researchers did not just pick a hundred public students and a hundred private ones, test them, and then see who scored higher. Many variables must be taken into account to make the two groups as equal as possible. This logical step included the factoring out of variables such as economic backgrounds, gender, age, race, IQ, and others. By liminating or lessening these characteristics and others like them, more equivalent groups can be made, with a smaller chance of non school influences affecting score results. Before the mid 1970’s, the issue of the better type of school had not been seriously addressed. This may be because most students enrolled in private schools were there primarily for religious reasons. This is why most private schools are Catholic. The Coleman report, released a before the 1980, began the battle that still continues to this day. Their conclusion stated that, after all the data was collected, and all the important ariables accounted for, private schools produce better achievement than their public counterparts. Shortly after this research became public, numerous studies have been documented as stating that their conclusion was false. Some of those studies shall be stated here. One of the first reports that confronted the Coleman report was released in 1981 by authors Goldberger and Cain. This study did nothing but address the validity of the report by Coleman, Hoffer, and Kilgore, which was a document that contained 233 pages + appendices. They found that â€Å"the method and nterpretations employed fall below the minimum standards of acceptability for social-scientific research†. Goldberger and Cain do not only disagree with the results that Coleman and his associates released but attack them with a fair amount of vemenance. Their research methods, or, their execution of the methods, are replete with flaws. The presentation of their style are one-sided — pro-private. It is as if they decided to write a brief for the proposition that society shift to the subsidization of private schools and away from the subsidization of public schools. You read "Determining Achievements in the Choice of School" in category "Papers" Goldberger and Cain therefore, are not saying anything referring to which type of school is better. They are simply stating that the results shown by the Coleman report are not accurate, and therefore, there is simply no evidence suggesting that private is better. However, in 1983, Alexander and Pallas not only discredited the Coleman report but also did a study of their own. Though a little more discrete in their judgments, they again find the Coleman results flawed. They also address the fact that because most private schools are catholic, it would be wrong to generalize the private school data set by including all private schools. Instead they address the issue as a public-Catholic one. Attempting to correct the errors in the Coleman report, they do a study of their own. Using the NLS and HSB studies, they find that there is not a substantial difference in the results and that private schools are not better. They do however, point out their shortcomings; that â€Å"SAT scores are only available for those students who elected to sit for the test† and that the data are only sampled of sophomores and Another study that furthered the argument that public schools are just as good as private ones were one put out by Sassenreth and her colleagues. In 1983 they used a study that was already in progress, SOMPA, to analyze the correlation between the two. Though the study was extremely brief, by comparing IQ’s of students already in the survey, they found that â€Å". . . the public schools are able to hold their own, despite having to enroll an student (good or bad) in their residential area and having to offer a wider range of courses†. With 49 public school students and 49 private school students matched by their IQ and with all outside variables taken into account, â€Å"private and public schooling has (on the average) about the same nfluence on academic achievement†. However they are also the only study reviewed which infer that the decision to select a private school might be for other reasons than achievement. Some of the more recent data no longer refers to the Coleman report, suggesting that it is either outdated or has been successfully discredited. In 1991 Gibbons and Bickel use three SAT data sets to compare public to private. Though SAT tests â€Å"were originally designed to measure aptitude rather than achievement† the authors feel that they are just as good a measuring tool as any. They again find that, once accounting or certain variables, â€Å"public high schools appear to perform better than private high schools, at least with Also in 1991 Rock and associates address the issue of trying to ascertain what promotes achievement. Though it does not specifically address the conflict of private versus public schools, it does seem to provide useful information concerning some of the variables addressed by previous researchers and why they were factored out. Before the following variables are accounted for, * Students from private independent schools perform considerably better on all test than students from Students in private independent schools are more likely than public or Catholic school students to be proficient at higher level math problem solving (private independent: 63 percent, public: 18 percent, Catholic: * Students from Catholic schools have higher mean scores I all tested areas (except higher-level math problem solving) then do public school students. Age, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, also play a significant role in a students performance. Their data seems to suggest however, that the differences in achievement among public schools and rivate schools seem to stem from variables that are not school related. But what about the things that researchers cannot prove. Many parents, especially those whose children are or have been in private schools, would argue that achievement is only part of the big picture. Lynn Stevens, a public school teacher, has three daughters. Though they all began in public schools, two of them attended private high school. Mrs. Stevens feels that her children received a better academic background in a private school but, due to the variety and larger size of a public school, she feels that they might have suffered. She feels that they might have been â€Å"more involved in a larger variety of things† in a public school. Jennifer and Meredith Stevens, Mrs. Stevens’ older daughters, attended Marist, a high pressure, high achievement, private school. Therefore, because it is so competitive, Mrs. Stevens feels it inappropriate to call Marist an â€Å"average† private school,. However, upon discussion of the advantage of social diversity of a public school, Jennifer added that she â€Å"received a more positive influence at Marist† than she would have at Roswell. Jennifer also senses from her youngest sister, now attending public high chool, that there is almost pressure to not do well. Mrs. Stevens also feels that public schools, especially at the elementary level, cannot meet the demands of all the different ability levels present in the large classes. Private schools on the other hand, though not able to help each child as much as possible, can perform a much better job of this with their smaller class sizes. One argument against private schools is that they do not provide a â€Å"real world† type of atmosphere, and that this is a serious disadvantage when the child grows up. Mrs. Stevens feels that this does not necessarily matter. However, because of Amanda’s greater opportunity to achieve amongst her peers at public school, Mrs. Stevens would not put her youngest daughter in Marist. Another reason, though not addressed in the interview, for her sending her daughters to private school is due to the religious influence that it provides, which is unavailable in public schools. Basically, it depends on the student, and what will be best for him or her. It seems that for the average student, private schools do not provide better achievement than do public. But what does achievement have to do with the big picture? Will higher SAT and achievement scores roduce a happier, more well rounded, positive, and more self confident youth? Probably not. Every child is unique and has their own strengths and weaknesses. The same things hold true with schools. Some private schools are poor just as many public schools are good. The decision whether private schools are worth the money is another issue. Again, it depends on one’s own situation. Therefore, though achievement may be part of the decision making process, it should only be a small concern in a sea of other ones. It depends upon the child as to which concerns are large and which ones are small. How to cite Determining Achievements in the Choice of School, Papers

Interpersonal and E-Communication for Apple -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInterpersonal and E-Communication for Apple. Answer: Introduction Communication is the most important part of each and every business process. The organization can transfer their thoughts as well as thinking with the help of the communication process. On the other hand, it can be said that Apple is an international company and this company is also very popular as well. Thus, this company needs several minds of communication process in terms of their business process. There can be several kinds of communication process which can be adopted by each and every company such as verbal communication, non verbal communication, and written communication and so on. In modern world the people are getting habituated with several internet services, and many organizations can use internet in terms of their communication process. On the other hand, there can be several electronic communication method as well as non electronic communication method also. The each and every detail about modern process of communication that is adopted by the company Apple have been d iscussed in this report. In the end certain recommendations have been provided by the Company that can allow it to create greater impact on the market and on its consumers by extension of its core competencies. Synopsis of the Key Non-Electronic Communication Methods and Practices that the Company uses to Engage Customers, Suppliers, Staff Members and the Public As the company or organization Apple is a very successful company in their business process thus it can e seen that they are very well communicated among their employees, customers, suppliers as well as normal people. Basically, with the help of this process they want to aware people about their business process, services as well as products. On the other hand, it can be seen that among the employees the being well communicative to handle their business process and the productivity also (Kraatz, Wingenbach Rutherford, 2016). However, in terms of non electronic communication the companies mainly conduct their communication process with several natural processes as well as strategies. Along with the electronic process the non electronic process is also beneficial for each and every company. In the case of Apple it can be seen that, they also have several non electronic method, such as face to face, letters, invoice, and memorandum and so on. Thus, in the case of face to face communica tion method the company can deliver their thoughts among their employees, suppliers and also customers (Chen et al. 2016). This method is the most useful as well as effective method in terms of communication as they can clearly describe their thinking and people can understand the thinking of the company easily. With the help of this method the company Apple can easily connect with their employees and the other people also. Along with this letter can also help Apple to provide each and every detail among their suppliers and the employees. Basically, in this case the company mainly focuses on their employees and suppliers (Niederdeppe, 2016). On the other hand, memorandum also can be used by the company in terms of their internal environment thus it is also used among the suppliers as well as the employees also. Invoice is the method where all the legal documents, prices of the products can be described by the company Apple, thus it can be adopted by the company in the case of employ ees and stakeholders only. Overview of the Key Electronic Media and Communication Strategies used by the Company, Including Websites, Social Media and Electronic Platforms As per early discussion apart from the non electronic method there are also some electronic communication methods which are basically the most important factor of the modern organizations. Thus, Apple also has this method in their communication process. However, in the modern culture the electronic methods are more effective than other methods. The strategies which are used by the company Apple can be seen as websites, social media as well as the electronic platform. Basically, Apple has their own website and with the help of that particular website they can be successful to provide information among their customers about their services as well as products. To conduct this method, the company needs to be well developed and also they need to provide training to their employees as it is the employees who will communicate with the customers each and every time or handle the website as well. Social media is another method which has been using by this company (Stephens, 2017). Basically, social media is the platform where several kinds of people can connect with each other and communicate with each other as well. so that the company Apple also use social media and provide their product details in terms of attracting various people within a minute towards them. On the other hand, other electronic platform like computers, mobile phones, and telephones also can be used in their business process. To handle the company the employees and the stakeholders communicate with these electronic platforms, and other two things like website as well as social media company use to handle the customers and also in the marketing purpose as for marketing communication is also important (Mort et al. 2016). When customers have any question regarding the products and service they can use website and social media or they can also call the company by taking the numbers from internet (Yang et al. 2016). Thus, the company Apple has adopted effective strategies in terms of electronic communica tion method. Perform a SWOT Analysis on the Companys Overall Communication Methods and Practices, and Describe your Findings SWOT analysis of company Apples communication methods and practices is following Strength Apples communication team structure is their main strength They also have the brand reputation Their media relationship is also very good Apples current strategy in terms of communication is very effective for the business and companys budget can be the another advantage in terms of overall communication methods (Walker et al. 2016) Their website popularity and social media linking is the another strength Internal communication is very effective for the company Apple Weakness Lack of management support can be the weakness for the company apple Bad communication team structure Bad media relationship Not sufficient marketing material If company apple not follow the proper strategy this can be greatest weakness of them If they not maintain their website and social media profiles this can be one of the weakness of company Apple in terms of communication strategy Staff retention can also be a weakness of company apple (Sabatos-DeVito et al. 2016). Opportunity Company apple can follow some innovative ideas for improve their communication strategy They can do good advertising, sponsorship, branding to promote their brand alignment. This can also help them to improve their communication strategy They can organize exhibition, industry events for improving their communication strategy They can also target some other market as well as they can use some existing strategy to improve their communication strategy. This can be one of the greatest opportunity for company Apple to expand their as well as to improve their communication strategy. They can also use some testimonials to improve their communication strategy. Threats Other companies can offer similar communication strategy , this can be greatest threat for company in terms of improving their communication strategy Copycats and privacy can also be a threat for them There are also some limited effectiveness which can be measured Technological improvement can also be threats for company Apple in terms of improve their communication strategy (Eynon, Sinclair Lloyd, 2016). Assess and Compare the Communication Practices of the Companys 2 Main Competitors In terms of run a company or a business process it is necessary to have some competitors in their business process. However, Apple also has two main competitors in their business process such as Samsung as well as Motorola. Samsung communication: The Company Samsung mainly believes in the electronic communication method. They has several websites as well as they also handle social media more efficiently. This company thinks that they can clear their thoughts with the help of this method only. The employees as well as the stakeholders also use mobiles, telephones for communication purpose. Though, sometime they use face to face communication (Ma et al. 2016). Motorola communication: Motorola focuses on the non electronic communication method more, as they feel that with the help of face to face communication, invoice, and letters they can provide detail information. Along with this, they also use websites, emails as well. Comparison: Though they both have non electronic communication method but Motorola uses this more effectively rather than Samsung. On the other hand, Samsung has focus on the electronic method more (Bryant, Uslan Humphries, 2016). Provide an Assessment of Suggestions and Recommendations for how the Company can Improve its Communication There can be several suggestions and recommendations for how the company Apple can improve its communication in terms of developing their business as well communication can provide positive impact on the business process as well (Maart Wentzel, 2016). These are as follows Company Apple can create open door policy which can set stage for everyone around the company. This can also help them to create open and wide communication They can also keep their vision and mission at the front, so that everyone able to see and communicate towards it They can organize regular meeting and emails; this can be helpful for them to communicate with the employees. This can improve their communication strategy also. They can create good team structure and decision making team. This can also help them to improve their communication strategy. Good Accessible leadership can also build good communication strategy. They can also encourage their employees in fluid company. This can also help them to improve their business and as well as improve their communication strategy also. They can also maintain good customer relationship management for effective communication (Decuir, Banerjea Stark, 2016). They can also take suggestion from the employees how the communication can be improved. This research can also help company Apple to improve their business efficiency and communication skill. Collaborative solution can also help company Apple to improve its communication skill They can use some social networking sites or their own networking to communicate with the employees, whether they are in another world or outside the room. This can very helpful for company Apple to improve its communication strategy. Sales force chatter can be also useful for company Apple They communication process need to simple so that their employee can understand it. They can also publish their manifesto online so that can be easily accessible by everyone. They need to comment, feedback from the employees as well as from the customers. This can be very useful for them to improve their communication strategy. They need to make communication a habit. Regular communication can help them to improve their communication skill. They can monthly conference, news letter for better communication. Habitual communication can help them to eliminate their vital time. This can also help the employees to get relax. Staying up to date with the latest communication skill can help company apple to improve their business efficiency and as well as can also help to improve their communication strategy. Conclusion After analyzing this business report it can be seen that without proper communication process or method it cannot be possible for a company to run their business in a well manner. However, Apple is the most effective and successful company in the modern market, they have several kinds of communication strategies which can help them to take as well as give information properly. There are two most efficient rival companies of Apple Inc such as Samsung and Motorola. These companies exert immense competitive threats and pressures on the company and restricts extension of market scopes. They also use several communication methods but there are some differences among their choices as well and that have been elaborated inn this report. Apart from this there are also some recommendation for the company Apple which they can adopted in their business process as well as in their communication process in terms of developing their business. The recommendations can also allow the business to overc ome the current challenges faced by the business and establish core competency in the market by extension of brand value. References Bryant, B., Uslan, D., Humphries, R. (2016). Verbal communication with providers improves acceptance of antimicrobial stewardship interventions.Hospital,37, 740-742. Chen, R., Jiang, P., Wu, Y., Cao, Z., Xiao, B., Lin, J., ... Li, Y. (2016, November). Short-range wireless communication methods for overhead height limit devices subtitle as needed (paper subtitle). InSystems and Informatics (ICSAI), 2016 3rd International Conference on(pp. 644-649). IEEE. Decuir, J., Banerjea, R., Stark, J. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,319,828. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Eynon, M., Sinclair, P., Lloyd, J. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,235,732. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kraatz, C. L., Wingenbach, G. J., Rutherford, T. A. (2016). 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Meeting the challenge of measuring communication exposure in the digital age.Communication Methods and Measures,10(2-3), 170-172. Sabatos-DeVito, M., Rardin, B. P., Paisley, E., Major, S. T., Stoute, C., Murias, M., ... Dawson, G. (2016). 1.23 THE UTILITY OF OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION DEFICITS IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,55(10), S107. Stephens, K. K. (2017). Organizational Communication Methods Published in MCQ 2001-2015: Trends and Pedagogical Implications. Management Communication Quarterly,31(1), 130-138. Walker, R. M., Skinner, D., Merritt, T. A., Pawlowski, J. T. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,477,636. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Yang, X., Zou, H., Deng, Y., Li, M., Liu, D., Wang, G., Zhai, Y. (2016).U.S. Patent Application No. 15/224,664.