Friday, May 31, 2019

Hawthorne and Young Goodman Brown :: essays research papers fc

It has always appeared to be fact that sin was an easy word to define and that merely doing anything that goes against God and his teachings is a sin. In coordinate to avoid sin, one must possess an infinite amount of faith and be able to follow the teachings of a master that one cant always see, but needs to understand is always there. In literature, many works have been created dealing with faith and sin, but most are normally not written from a perspective in which a sinning man does not seek redemption. Most stories are not allegories dealing with a man leaving his wife named Faith so that he can go off into the woods and, literally, dance with the flummox. Most stories, however, are not offspring Goodman Brown and most are not written by Nathaniel Hawthorne as a response to the guilt he felt over being the descendent of nation involved in the Salem Witch trials. An immensely important part of this allegory is the caliber of Faith, Young Goodmans wife, who represents just what her name says, and how her character affects the entire story. Her existence alone allows for the crisis Young Goodman Brown feels and even later further enhances that same crisis. She is both the cause and solution to all of Browns problems, if only he would allow himself to accept his faith rather than enter into the kingdom of the devil.Faith is a highly subjective thing that all people who wish to have religion in their lives must have and embrace. Now, Hawthorne wrote Young Goodman Brown as a commentary on a seriously religious society that went as far as to drown women who were preported to be witches. As Brown tells his wife that he is going away for a while, she in her pinkish bows and her young face, implores him not to go. Brown knows that hes about to embark on a journey where having faith is important and necessary. Even he acknowledges such a fact when he states what a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand. (Hawthorne 614). Brown is fully aware that on th e journey hes about to embark on, he needs his faith. However, hes also aware that if he brings his faith along then the meeting with the devil will go differently than planned and will end with him maybe not accepting the devils pleas.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

A Humorous and Heartfelt Wedding Speech -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speec

A Humorous and Heartfelt conjugal union SpeechGood evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I would like to start by thanking Frank on behalf of the bridesmaids for his kind comments and double the fact that they look wonderful and performed their role fantastically well, despite the inevitable and healthy rivalry that can sometimes occur. In fact, vindicatory before the answer I overheard a furious sisterly argument astir(predicate) who was going to be first to dance with the best man. Understandable, I pattern - until I got immediate and heard them saying, You, no, you Ive known Frank for the best part of 20 years now and of course there are plenty of things I could tell you about what we got up to in our younger days. Unfortunately, I did consult my solicitor and he tells me that we could still face prosecution, so maybe Ill reinforcement things to a negligible and talk about how nice he is. Frank is a quality ac... A Humorous and Heartfelt Wedding Speech -- Wedding Toasts Roasts SpeecA Humorous and Heartfelt Wedding SpeechGood evening Ladies and Gentlemen - I would like to start by thanking Frank on behalf of the bridesmaids for his kind comments and echo the fact that they look wonderful and performed their role fantastically well, despite the inevitable and healthy rivalry that can sometimes occur. In fact, just before the service I overheard a furious sisterly argument about who was going to be first to dance with the best man. Understandable, I thought - until I got closer and heard them saying, You, no, you Ive known Frank for the best part of 20 years now and of course there are plenty of things I could tell you about what we got up to in our younger days. Unfortunately, I did consult my solicitor and he tells me that we could still face prosecution, so maybe Ill keep things to a minimum and talk about how nice he is. Frank is a quality ac...

Blind Mans Bluff :: essays research papers

Blind Mans BluffSometimes in literature, the characters in the story make an primal contribution to society. In the novel, Blind Mans Bluff, by Sherry Sontag and Christopher Drew, the brave men and women that served in the Navys Secret Service did just that. If it wasnt for them, many more lives would have been lost and more land would be destroyed. They had to endure many hard ventures and suffer for this country.This book is compiled of many missions that happened throughout the Cold War. It shows what the maritime Program was like during that period and how it changed due to advancing technology. These people operated the spy submarines and risked being killed or captured by the Soviets. One example of this is when Commander Charles R. McVean took his crew and tapped a Soviet telephone line at the bottom of the Sea of Okhotsk. This stopped a potential nuclear war. They also started to make submarines that could dive deeper and explore turbid depths. Other submarines are used f or surveillance. If we were suspicious about a certain ship, a surveillance submarine would so out and spy on the ship and see what they were up to. These subs played a huge roll in the war. If a ship was transporting weapons or bomb making materials to the adversary, the sub could ratio to US forces and take over the ship. One very brave commander in the war was Norman G. Bessac. He commanded the USS Gudgeon, which was an old diesel engined submarine straight into enemy territory. The Gudgeon was caught and pounded by enemy subs. One of the very important subs in the war was the Cochino. It monitored the development of the atomic bomb that the soviets were making. Unfortunately the Cochino crashed into the Tusk and set the after-battery on fire. This eventually caused the end of Cochino. Nine days after the Cochino sank the Air Force found evidence that the Soviets detonated a nuclear device.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Cloning Debate :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

The Cloning Debate The first attempt in copy was conducted in 1952 on a group of frogs.The experiment was a partial success. The frog cells were cloned into otherliving frogs how eer, only one in every thousand developed unremarkably , all ofwhich were sterile. The rest of the frogs that survived grew to deviantly largesizes. In 1993, scientist and director of the in vitro lab at GeorgeWashington University, Jerry Hall and associate Robert Stillman, reported thefirst ever successful cloning of human embryos. It was the discovery of in-vitro fertilization in the 1940s that began the pursuit to ease the sufferingof infertile couples. After years of research, scientists learned that in atypical in-vitro procedure, doctors will insert terzetto to five embryos in hopesthat, at most, one or two will implant (Elmer-Dewitt 38). And that a cleaning ladywith only one embryo has about a 10% to 20% chance of getting pregnant throughin-vitro fertilization. If that embryo could be cloned and t urned into three orfour, thechances of a successful pregnancy would increase significantly(Elmer-Dewitt 38). The experiment the scientists performed is the equivalent of a motherproducing twins. The process has been practiced and almost perfected inlivestock for the past ten years, and some scientists believe that it seems onlylogical that it would be the next step in in-vitro fertilization. The procedurewas remarkably simple. Hall and Stillman selected embryos that were abnormalbecause they came from eggs that had been fertilized by more than one sperm(Elmer-Dewitt 38), because the embryos were defective, it would have beenimpossible for the scientist to actually clone another person. They did however,split the embryos into separate cells, as a topic creating separate andidentical clones. They began experimenting on seventeen of the defectiveembryos and when one of those single-celled embryos divided into two cellthescientists quickly separated the cells, creating two different em bryos with the very(prenominal) genetic information (Elmer-Dewitt 38). The cells are coated with aprotective covering called a zona pellucida, that is essential to development(Elmer-Dewitt 38), which was stripped away and replaced with a gel-like amount of money made from seaweed that Hall had been experimenting with. Thescientists were able to produce forty-eight clones, all of which died within sixdays. Other scientist have been quoted saying that although the experiment isfairly uncomplicated, it had not been well-tried before because of the moral andethical issues surrounding an experiment such as this one. Some people believethat aiding infertile couples is the only true benefit to cloning human embryos,

Exercise in a Bottle Essay -- Health Diet Weight Loss Papers

Exercise in a BottleImagine that it is a Friday night and you atomic number 18 up having a little midnight snack and watching some television. Feeling guilty for eating at such a late hour, you begin to incline through the stations when something catches your eye. It is an infomercial, and usually you just flip right through these, but for odd some reason you decide to watch this one. How could you possibly ride not watching? The commercial-grade begins by showing gorgeous blondes in bikinis, and buff studs in speedos stuffing their faces with hamburgers, pizza, chips and everything that you k instantaneously should not be eaten in total (if at all) The amazing thing is that these people all have societys ideal bodies. They are toned, tan, and thin in all of the right places. The commercial proceeds to boast how these women and men never exercise. They dont need to because they take Enformas Exercise in a Bottle Well now they have gotten your attention--look great, eat what yo u want and never exercise? It sounds way too good to be true This is what miracle product, Exercise in a Bottle, will phone its potential buyers. But the questions, how does it work, what are they and how do its ingredients work, does it work, and are there any side effects are all key questions to be explored before taking Exercise in a Bottle. After I saw the commercial one night when I was up late snacking with my best friend, I combine that I was definitely tempted to pick up the phone and place an order. I even came close to falling into all of the hype and excitement surrounding this advanced product when I began my research, but after seeing a more scientific approach to the product, I have changed my mind. WHAT IS EXERCISE IN A bottleful? Exercise in a Bottle ... ... EXERCISE. 30(12) 1730-7, 1998 December. 3. Effects of resistance training and Chromioum Picolinate on body composition and skelatal muscle in older men by, Campbell WW., Joseph LJ., Davey SL., Cyr-Camp bell D., Anderson RA., and Evans WJ.. diary OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY. 86(1) 29-39,1999 January. 4. Chromium Picolinate Toxicity by, Cerulli J., Grabe DW., Gauthier I., Malone M., and McGoldrick MD.. ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY. 32(4) 428-31, 1998 April 5. Chronic Renal failure after ingestion of over-the-counter chromium picolinate by, Wasser WG., Feldman NS., and DAgati VD. 6. http//www.cellular-phone.com/enformal/products.html 7. http//www.enformanatural.com/enforma.html 8. http//st2.yahoo.com/koolatron/enformasystem.html 9. http//www.evitality.net/store/detail/htm?ID=5 10. www.swmed.edu/depository library/consubj/fitness.htm

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Gender Roles In Star Trek Next Generation Essay -- essays research pap

     In 1966 a series called " leash Trek" was throwd. Its creator, Gene Roddenberry, did not create the show to be a science fiction series. The series was much deeper than that. It wasnt just about discovering new planets and civilizations. It was about controversial issues. Even though the series call back place in the 23rd and 24th century the issues struck with the times and related current issues. Through each series, The Original, adjoining Generation, Deep Space ball club and Voyager, there has been progression with the times and the issues. The issues that surround the episodes of Star Trek include race, religion, sexuality, the depiction of science and gender roles. The central focus being talked about in this paper will be gender roles. Gender roles in Star Trek deal with leadership and sexuality.      workforce and women have had different roles in Star Trek as well as different progressions. Men in Star Trek have alwa ys had a leadership role. In the received series the four main characters are men. The captain, Kirk, the second in command, Spock, the doctor, Bones or McCoy, and the head engineering officer Scotty are all men. In the Next Generation series there is Captain Picard, the second in command, Riker, and there are others engineering roles played by Warf and Data who are all men. In the Deep Space Nine series Captain Sisko and the head engineer is male. In Voyager the second in command, Chakotay, as well as Tuvok, a Vulcan Spock desire character, and Neelix, the cook are all men. Women in Star Trek have made a real progression, at least more then Men have. When men are already at the top having leadership roles theres no place to go but down. This isnt necessarily there work performance or merit is going down but the womens performance, merit and acceptance going up. The women of Star Trek started at the bottom and could only go up. The original series did have one woman in a feature role. Uhura was the head communication officer, til now her role was in truth more of a secretary and didnt really have many lines and if she did they werent very lengthy, nothing much more than, "Yes captain." In the Next Generation series the women started to move farther up the leadership ladder. The women starring roles were Beverly Crusher, the doctor, and Diana Troy, the counselor. In Deep Space Nin... ...s. Women usually arent as forward and her forwardness gives the essence of a male fantasy, the female making the moves on the male. Males and females are virtually in pursuit of a mate, however males are usually the gender that make the first move. When the female shows immediate and obvious signs of interest, males in general esteem of it as something with no real challenge and therefore no real commitment. This presents a good time for the crowd of men in 10 Forward. sexual practice plays a big part in gender roles.     In Star Trek Next Ge neration one of biggest issues is gender roles. Sexuality has played a little role in Star Trek. It showed a woman whos only subprogram in life was for procreation. Although her actions were abnormal for a woman, it is the only real purpose of both genders. Survival is the goal of both genders and that is done through procreation. Also, men have always had leadership roles in Star Trek since the beginning of the series. Women, however have had to work there way up the leadership ladder. Their roles have been equal to the times or slightly pushing forward a bit, which has been the nearly important part of gender roles in Star Trek.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Reader Response: Things Fall Apart

In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo is a character whose main goal is to be as different from his father as possible. Unoka, Okonkwos father was a weak man, he was lazy and owed money to most people in the village. Okonkwo on the other hand, was a man of great success, he was brave and well respected. He also had a temper and was cultismed by many. Okonkwo ruled his household with a heavy hand. His wives, especially the youngest, lived in perpetual fear of his fiery temper, and so did his little khildren, (Things Fall Apart, 13). But why was Okonkwo like this?He believed this behaviour made him look fearless and brave in everyones eyes. Okonkwos fear of being like his father in any way, was greater than his fear to the gods, his respect for his village and everything else that surrounded him. He also believed his chi dictated his destiny and mis sight, but the misfortune was not due to his chi, but his extreme fear of not being that brave man he wants everyone to substantiate him as, hi s fear of failing and being more like his father. Okonkwo believed he had a problematic chi, and blamed his misfortune on it.Whenever things went well and he had good fortune his pride was on himself, but when things went wrong he blamed it on his chi. In the next passage he wonders about his son Nwoye Why, he cried in his heart, should he, Okonkwo, of all people, be cursed with such a son? He saw clearly in it the finger of his personal god or Chi. For how else could he explain his great misfortune and exile and now his despicable sons behavior? , (Things Fall Apart, 152). But it is him and his enormous pride who ultimately dictates his destiny.When Okonkwo is communicate by Ogbuefi Ezeudu, that the oracle has decreed that Ikemefuna died, he specifically tells Okonkwo not to take part in his death. But on the way to Ikemefunas home village, a man attacks him with his machete, and Ikemefuna runs to Okonkwo, but he doesnt want to look like a weak man in front of others and cuts him down. Since Okonkwo did not take the advice of his elders and participated in Ikemefunas death he is considered a sinner in Igbo culture. He is so focused on not being looked as weak that he will rather disobey his beliefs and his tribes laws.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

The Difference Between Consumer Buyer Behaviour and Organisational Buyer Behaviour

The difference betwixt Consumer Buyer deportment and Organisational Buyer Behaviour In this essay we will be talking about the difference mingled with consumer buyer deportment and organisational buyer behaviour and how marketers lavatory harvest this effledge to create the right marketing strategies for each category of market. The main difference amid consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour is that consumer buying populates of activates involved in buying and using of results for personal and household use, where organisational buyers purchase primarily for organisational purpose.Consumer behaviour is k nonty and a company has to concur their product more closely and retaliate their customer needs more fully than the competitors. Marketers will also need to know whether their controllable variables, e. g. marketing mix variables, will partake buying behaviour. Culture is the broadest environmental factor magnetize trances buyer behaviour, consump tion choices rout outnot be understood without considering the culture. It is the prisms with jinx customers perceive the product. The culture of consumers determines the priorities he attaches to different products.The link between consumer behaviour and culture is a two-way street. In one direction the products that be produced to fit a consumers culture argon better accepted, in the other direction products and innovation that are created in a specific culture on a given time show us a clear domination in the cultures ideals. (Michael Solomon, Culture, 2006) Social socio-economic class refers to the grouping together of individuals or families who cast off certain common social or economic characteristics. Societies can be divided up in haves and have-nots.Social Class is determined by income, family background and occupation. The social class is not only determining how much money is spent by the individual but also how it is spent. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A E uropean Perspective, 2006) Consumer buyer behaviour Maslows hierarchy of needs is the foremost gravel we are looking at. It implies a hierarchy of biogenic and psychogenic needs where the order of development is heady and a certain level must be attained before the next higher one.In Maslows hierarchy one must first satisfy basic needs before he can progress up the ladder. The application of this model is relatively simplistic as one product can satisfy more than one need. (Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour , 2006) The next model we are talking about is the Howard Sheth model. The model describes brand end under incomplete or limited data. It distinguishes triple levels of decision 1) Extensive problem solving- the buyer has little or no knowledge about the product and has no criteria by which to occupy the product. ) Limited problem solving- In this stage the choice criteria are defined but the buyer is still undecided about the brads which best serve him. 3) Routinized re sponses behaviour- The criteria label in this stage is well defined and the consumer has the best brand which best serves him. He makes the buying process with little evaluation of alternatives. The Howard Sheth model borrows concepts from the learning model to explain brand choice. Four major components are involved in this process impute variables, output variables, hypothetical constructs and exogenous variables. Rao, 2011) There are three different impute variable, the first and second is provided by the marketer by significant stimuli like physical brand characteristics and symbolic stimuli like visual or verbal characteristics. The third variable is provided by family, reference group etc. (Rao, 2011) The perceptual and learning construct define the main part of the model. It deals with the psychological variables with interact with the consumer decision devising. The output variables are the response to the impute variables and helps us understand how the consumer will enga ge with the perceptual construct. Rao, 2011) The Last model we are looking at is the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model which was created to describe the knowledge concerning consumer behaviour. The first stage is the decision-process stage. The model is focusing on the five mine decision-process stages Problem recognition, search for alternatives, alternate evaluation purchase, and outcomes. The consumer does not necessarily have to go through all this stages. The number of stages depends if it is an extended or a routine problem solving behaviour.The Second stage is the information impute where the consumer is getting information from marketing and non-marketing sources with will influence the decision-making process. The third stage is the information processing stage and it consists of the exposure, attention and retention of the consumer to the information. The consumer must first be exposed to the message, allocate space for this information, interpret the stimuli, and retain the me ssage by transferring the input to long-term memory. The fourth stage consists of individual and environmental influences that affect all five stages of the decision process.Individual characteristics admit motives, values, lifestyle, and personality the social influences are culture, reference groups, and family. Situational influences, such as a consumers financial condition, also influence the decision process. (Engel, 1995) Organisational buyer behaviour Broadly speaking organisational customers can be classified in commercial, institutional and governmental sector. (Oxford University Page) The Commercial customers can be divided furthermore in 1) Distributors They are also kn proclaim as intermediaries and their main purpose is to transfer products through the supply chain adding value to them.The main types of go-between are full-lengthsales, dealers, agents, value-added re carryers. 2) Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) They are the classic business customer. They purc hases parts or materials and manufacture and market with the manufacturers brand. 3) Users These customers buy some products to sustain their own production. 4) Retailers They purchase goods to sell them to their customers. The Institutional customer may differ greatly from the commercial customer in the preceding list. Universities are a good case of institutional customers and the products they have to buy in order to keep operating. Oxford University Page) The Governmental customers can differ from government to government as they can regalement their spending on military health and education. While on that point are differences between consumer buyer behaviour and organisational buyer behaviour we clearly can see some similarities between them especially when we realises that rationality in organisational buyer behaviour can be misplaced. If the buyer are people to then they can also make mistakes aim by perception, emotion and pear pressure.On the other hand some consumer pu rchases involve high technical complexity and time involving information search. The practice of B2B and B2C is not endlessly clear as an example we can take Sun Microsystems witch approaches large business directly but also encourages small developers to build OEM machines and sell them to customers. (Oxford University Page) We clearly can see that there are some similarities in the B2C and B2B market but there are some huge differences. For example, consumer markets oftentimes consist of millions of customers where far fewer customers are in the organisational market.A small percentage often makes a large percentage of the earnings of a B2B business. (Oxford University Page) The B2C buying process can be fairly complex for a high involvement purchase like a car but in a B2B market there is often not only one person involve in this process, it is typically known as the decision-making unit (DMU). Members involved in this decision making unit can be managers who are not involved i n the usage of the product and often have a strategic and financial prospect of the company but also members who directly use the product are involved in the decision making process.We can describe the different parties (Webster and Wind, 1972) in the decision making process as followed 1) Initiator- is the person who makes the first request for the purchase 2) Buyer they are the glob authority in the process and are making the purchases from the suppliers 3) Influencers they affect the decision-making process by providing internal or external information. 4) Decision makers- they are the persons with the authority to approve a purchase. 5) Users they are the persons who use the product. They often deliver feedback of the performance. ) Gatekeepers they control the flow of information to other managers within the buying organisation One of the most recognised models of organisational buyer behaviour is the Buygrid Framework (Robinson et al, 1967). It combines record of the buy ing situation with the stages in the decision process. It is worth noting the differences between the three buyclass situations 1) New task purchases In this category the company is buying a product or a service for the first time. They typically have no experience in the suppliers capabilities. The DMU is usually larger and the schedule for the decision is often extended. ) Modified rebuy in this chase the company has already knowledge about the suppliers capabilities but has to alter a variable in the order witch could be time, amount or price. 3) Straight rebuy in this case the company does not alter the order. It is normally seen when basic goods are ordered. The decision-making process is quite formal in B2B markets and it goes through many as eight buyphases for a new task purchase 1) Problem Recognition this can be created by a supplier review, dissatisfaction with current providers and changing business needs. ) General need description the need can come from an innovat ion, the need for cutting costs or up(p) production. 3) Specifications It necessity buyer/supplier dialog and is the part where suppliers are differentiated and evaluated. 4) Supplier search it is the stage where a consideration set of suppliers is created and information is gathered. 5) suggestion submission suppliers are put into a choice set and a proposal is solicited from those last few suppliers 6) Supplier Selection in this stage proposals are evaluated and negotiation may take place between buyer and seller. ) Order process specification in this stage an agreement or a turn off is created. 8) Performance review in this stage the suppliers are revised and benchmarked and then changed, modified or discontinued. (Oxford University Page) It is very important for a company in the B2B market to understand the different members and their roles in a DMU of a company the members can be brought together from all parts of a company and can include purchasing, R&D, finance and even marketing.The marketing strategy of the supplying must reflect the individual interest within a DMU but also the whole interest and group dynamic of a DMU. (Oxford University Page) Referencing (n. d. ). Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from Oxford University Page http//www. oup. com/uk/orc/bin/9780199551682/ellis_ch02. pdf Engel, J. B. (1995). Consumer Behaviour. In J. B. Engel, Consumer Behaviour. Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (p. 460). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Consumer Behaviour . In G. B.Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Perspective (pp. 125-126). Michael Solomon, G. B. (2006). Culture. In G. B. Michael Solomon, Consumer Behaviour A European Pespective (pp. 525-527). Rao, V. S. (2011, 01 10). Howard Sheth Model. Retrieved 03 21, 2012, from cite Man Network http//www. citeman. com/13241-howard-sheth-model. html Robinson, P. J. , Faris, C. W. , & Wind, Y. (1976) Industrial Buying and Marketing , Ally n & Bacon, capital of Massachusetts Webste, F. E. & Wind, Y. (1972) Organisational Buying Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Analysis of Hamlet Act II.2 Essay

Act 2, Scene 2 is an definitive scene for the hearings impressions of settlement, as it is the first time we smoke see the antic disposition of which he has previously spoken. He enters the scene on page 50, and immediately enters into conversation with Polonius. We can see that the accomplishment of his madness relies upon rhetoric devices such as puns and double plasteredings, which are deliberately intended to confuse. On page 51, for example, when Polonius asks him what matter he reads, he repliesHAMLET Between who? In this, Hamlet is playing on the double meaning of the word matter- although Polonius intends it to mean his reading matter, Hamlet k outrights it could too mean personal matters, and picks the wrong interpretation, intending Polonius to think that his mental instability is such that he cannot follow the conversation. Although in that location are these occasions upon which Hamlet seems to be truly mad, the audience can see that he is being rather clever in constructing his act.When Polonius clarifies the meaning of the word matter which he intended, Hamlet responds with a thinly veil attack on him HAMLET The satirical rogue says here that old men have grey beards, ( ) and that they have a plentiful lack of wit. Here, Hamlet pretends to discuss the slanders of which he reads, still the audience can see that he is commenting on Polonius as an old man. By mentioning the plentiful lack of wit, he recognises how obvious Polonius motives are in conversing with him, and attacking his methods.Although Polonius does not pick up on this, he does see that in that respect is more to the madness of Hamlet than is seen, commenting there is method int. While Hamlets act here seems rather convincing, as soon as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern enter his madness begins to slip. His conversation with the ii is coherent, as he exactly questions them to see how honest they are. For example, on pages 53-54 HAMLETWere you not sent for? Is it your own incl ining? Is it a free visitation?This short, direct questioning shows his cynicism of the two- he knows that they did not make love of their own free will, and is simply testing them to prove their honesty. When they are hesitant to answer, he decides they have not passed his test, and after treats them with a contempt or disregard. This wariness in his disposition will become important later in the scene when he contrives a direction of testing Claudius. Furthermore, the coherency with which he asks these questions show the sanity underlying his act of madness.Hamlet himself recognises this, when on page 57 he comments I am but mad north-north-west. , implying that although there are times when he acts with seeming insanity, he is also capable of coherent conversation. This also emphasises to the audience that what they see is simply an act, and underneath the madness there is a young man obsessed with avenging the death of his father. Although his mood during this first part of th e conversation is that of anger and mistrust towards his two friends, there is an abrupt deepen in his speech and actions when the players are mentioned to him.In fact, his speech becomes uplifted and he appears to be genuinely excited about the upcoming play. For example, on page 55 HAMLET He that plays the king shall be welcome- his majesty shall have tribute of me. This is rather ironic- while he shall welcome the actor who plays the king, in reality it is a king who is the source of all his problems. This shows Hamlets love for actors in that while very few people in his livelihood are trustworthy and it is hard to distinguish their actions from the meanings behind them, one can be certain that the actors will be acting.After this, he then goes on to list the many characters who appear in a play, explaining what they shall do and how he shall enjoy it- the lover shall not sigh gratis. This also shows that he is knowledgable on the matter of the theatre, as he is acquainted wit h the many parts which are played. It also shows his excitement, as he speaks more a long time on the matter. His speech is not organised into short, direct questioning as ahead, but instead he speaks in longer, freer sentences.This change in syntax clearly shows his mood- whereas beforehand his short sentences showed doubt and mistrustfulness, these longer sentences show that he is what he is saying is exactly what he thinks- in contrast to the earlier part of the conversation, he now clearly seems to be relishing and enjoying the words as he says them. This is the first time that the audience is made aware of Hamlets love of drama, which is an important part of his personality and will become vital later on in the scene, when the audience is made aware of his aims.It also explains how, when faced with the dilemma of how he should react to the news of the ghost, his immediate reaction is to put on an act. At the end of the scene, Hamlet is left alone and speaks his second solilo quy of the play. As is natural of Shakespearean dramas, soliloquies are used to give the audience an insight into the characters innermost thoughts and feelings without worrying about the opinions and reactions of other characters towards them.The speech is organised into collar main parts the first, a comment on the player he has just seen perform, followed by a self-critical analysis, before he goes on to explain his plan of action. He begins by speaking about the player, who has put such great emotion into his performances that he weeps during them. Hamlet contrasts this with the state of emotional turmoil in which he resides, although he is not allowed to show it externally. During the soloiloquy, Shakepeare uses several rhetoric devices to communicate this distress to the audience- for example, the frequent use of exclamation marks, which suggest a passion behind his speech.By line 568, he uses a great deal of rhetorical questions HAMLET Am I a coward? Who calls me villain? B reaks my pate across? These questions serve to profit his anger, and as he says them his speech becomes increasingly passionate. At this point, he is talking about himself- by saying Who calls me villain? he is opening up to lit crit from others, but then swiftly moves on to speak about himself. HAMLET But I am pigeon-livered and lack gall During this section of the soliloquy, Hamlet reveals his location to the strike back which he has sworn to take.He shows the audience his conflicting feelings- on one hand, we can see that he feels he is cowardly for not having acted sooner. This shows a contrast between what he feels he should be and what he actually is, which is further reinforced when he explains ere this/I should ha fatted all the region kites/ With this buckle downs offal. This shows that he feels that he should have taken revenge by now in order to remain true to his dead father, and yet he is reluctant to act too quickly.To add to this feeling, he has just ben watchi ng the players speak of Pyrrhus, who was a man of revenge and action- what Hamlet feels he should be. He is also clearly filled with loathing towards his uncle- at one point referring to him as HAMLET Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindless villain This list of negative adjectives very clearly show the audience how passionate he is upon this issue. By this point, his extreme hatred of Claudius is obvious, and by describing him in this way Hamlet is merely working himself into greater fits of passion and determination to act upon the situation.However, Hamlet is not, like his father, a man of war and fighting, but instead rather more cunning in his revenge- in this respect, he could almost be described as like Claudius. He realises that passion is not the way to solve his problems, saying on page 63 HAMLET About, my brains. This signifies a change in his thoughts- whereas before he was speaking with passion and anger, he has now regained some control over his emotions and can speak with a greater coherency.It shows his whimsey that, in order to exact his vengance most effectively, he will need to remain calm and collected while thinking about it. As revenge is clearly the most urgent matter on his mind at this tiime, then, there is a need for him to think carefully, and by saying About, my brains. he is recognising this. It is at this point in the scene that the cynical facet of Hamlets personality comes back into importance- we can see that he needs evidence before he acts, as he declares towards the end of page 63HAMLET Ill have grounds more relative than this. To the audience, this is further reinforcement of his suspect nature- rather than simply take revenge without thought, he must first devise a plan to test the truth of the ghosts words. This in in keeping with what we have been told of his past- namely, that he is a scholar from Wittenberg, which at the time was one of the most prestigious universities in Europe. Therefore, his questioning na ture is in keeping with this- for, being educated, he is less likely simply to accept what others tell him wthout proof.We see this during his testing of the motives of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern earlier on in the scene, but only now does it begin to relate directly to the central plot. This concludes Act 22, during which Hamlet as a character has greatly developed. We see his plans begin to come together, as he feigns the antic disposition which was spoken of in previous scenes. The audience also begins to see his character develop, as we are introduced to such elements of his personality as his love for drama and his cynicism, all of which fashion the style which revenge will take, and ultimately guide the play to its inevitable ending.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Accounting Information Systems Solution Trial Exam

Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that exceed(p) completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following types of organizing the study systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 20 employees? 1) _______ A) represented within apiece major division of the company B) as departments within each functional bea C) as a separate, centralized department D) none of the above 2) Decisions that be unique, rapidly changing, and not easily undertake in advance are best suited to which type of system? 2) ______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 3) Buying or selling goods oer the Internet is called 3) _______ A) an extranet. B) an intranet. C) e-business. D) e-commerce. 4) ________ uses a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of the customer relationship. 4) _______ A) MIS B) CLE C) CRM D) CLU 5) You cream for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to exsert nation ally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and school text documents, to all of the firms branches.What system will best serve these needs? 5) _______ A) an extranet with KMS capabilities B) a CRM C) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) an intranet with KMS capabilities 6) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on enthronement if you used new suppliers with better spoken language track records? 6) _______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 7) The Smart Site Solution system used by Johnnys Lunch to help identify the best locations to open new franchises is best categorise as a 7) _______ A) POS system B) KMS C) CRM D) DSS 8)Which of the following occupations would NOT be categorized as an interaction job? 8) _______ A) calculate B) business autobus C) operations manager D) sales representative 9) The CPO is responsible for 9) _______ A) overseeing the use o f reading technology in the firm. B) making better use of alert knowledge in organizational and care processes. C) ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws. D) enforcing the firms study security policy. 10) Decision-support systems are often referred to as business ________ systems. 0) ______ A) epitome B) intelligence C) information D) modeling 11) An information system for ________ would NOT be categorized as a KMS. 11) ______ A) distributing documents B) documenting the expertise of company specialists C) discovering new sales channel for a product D) enabling the uncovering of new product applications 12) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? 12) ______ A) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) ncreasing speed of communicating D) enabling cost-effective e-business processes 13) The principal liaison between the infor mation systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n) 13) ______ A) CTO. B) systems analyst. C) programmer. D) information systems manager. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 14) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firms workforce. 14) _____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. 5) ESSs are designed in the beginning to solve specific problems. 15) ______ 16) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance. 16) ______ 17) ESSs are designed to serve the middle oversight of the organization. 17) ______ 18) Operational management is responsible for directing the day-to-day operations of the business and therefore needs transaction-level information. 18) ______ 19) Decision-support systems use natural information as well as information from external sources. 19) ______Accounting Information Systems Solution Trial ExamExam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following types of organizing the information systems function would you be most likely to find in a small company with 20 employees? 1) _______ A) represented within each major division of the company B) as departments within each functional area C) as a separate, centralized department D) none of the above 2) Decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance are best suited to which type of system? 2) ______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 3) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called 3) _______ A) an extranet. B) an intranet. C) e-business. D) e-commerce. 4) ________ uses a set of integrated applications to address all aspects of the customer relationship. 4) _______ A) MIS B) CLE C) CRM D) CLU 5) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of the firms branches.What system will best serve these needs? 5) _______ A) an extranet with KMS capabilities B) a CRM C) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) an intranet with KMS capabilities 6) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records? 6) _______ A) MIS B) ESS C) DSS D) TPS 7) The Smart Site Solution system used by Johnnys Lunch to help identify the best locations to open new franchises is best categorized as a 7) _______ A) POS system B) KMS C) CRM D) DSS 8)Which of the following occupations would NOT be categorized as an interaction job? 8) _______ A) engineer B) business manager C) operations manager D) sales representative 9) The CPO is re sponsible for 9) _______ A) overseeing the use of information technology in the firm. B) making better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes. C) ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws. D) enforcing the firms information security policy. 10) Decision-support systems are often referred to as business ________ systems. 0) ______ A) analysis B) intelligence C) information D) modeling 11) An information system for ________ would NOT be categorized as a KMS. 11) ______ A) distributing documents B) documenting the expertise of company specialists C) discovering new sales channels for a product D) enabling the discovery of new product applications 12) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? 12) ______ A) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) ncreasing speed of communicating D) enabling cost-effective e-b usiness processes 13) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n) 13) ______ A) CTO. B) systems analyst. C) programmer. D) information systems manager. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 14) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firms workforce. 14) _____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. 5) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems. 15) ______ 16) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance. 16) ______ 17) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization. 17) ______ 18) Operational management is responsible for directing the day-to-day operations of the business and therefore needs transaction-level information. 18) ______ 19) Decision-support systems u se internal information as well as information from external sources. 19) ______

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Consumerism: Want and New Pair Shoes Essay

In todays society consumerism has taken a big role in everyones lives because people seem to buy materialistic objects that they dont requisite, but buy for pleasure. People dont see that this is becoming an contend in our society because they ar to focused on wanting more for their satisfaction than they need. I seen all these advertisements on TV that show Nemours athletes wearing the late so called gear, making every one want what they see such as shoes, Jordans, Nike, and Vans. I myself I like shoes, but not to the extent were I have boxes and boxes piled up in my closet like some people.For example, I have friends who buy $300 dollar shoes or camp the night at foot locker honorable to get the latest Jordans, I find this shocking to believe what people are willing to do just to get a new duplicate of shoes. Some of my friends have a collection of Jordans stacked up against their wall of a value almost around 3 to 4,000 dollars shocking I know. I sit back and laugh at my f riends for wasting so much money on so many pairs of shoes thats they dont need and only wear them like once.Advertisements takes a big role in shoes by making athletes wear certain footwear that magically makes them better at what they do weather it has to do with running faster or jumping higher, tricking vernal minds into thinking they can be the same if they go out and buy the product. What image does the athlete project about the product (Levine.302). These types of advertisements focus more on younger minds because they dont know better and are willing to spend an outrages amount of money. Statistics show that every woman in the United States confess at least 17 pairs of shoes or more. More and more people are consuming more than they need either to fit in with todays society or want the latest shoe brand.Shoes have become a world-wide thing were people dont know whats enough or how much it too much. For instants, Jordans are nice and comfortable but to pricey, were you have a pair of And 1 also a pair of basketball shoes were they cost about $50 dollars. What people are doing is basically buying the brand notthe shoe. Horning states We are institutionally trapped in the prison- house of design (Horning.316). Some people feel guilty when they go out the so called Mall and feel the need to buy new shoes all the time.This is where consumerism comes in and plays a big role society is blinded to see that their wants have gone up drastically and dramatically. Thats what we like and thats what we buy (Horning.316). Anything people see they buy without thinking twice and knowing that they already have brand new pair shoes they have not worn because there to focused on buying and buying till they see they no longer have place in their closet to put new shoes in.In Conclusion, Todays society has a big problem when it comes to consumerism because our younger generation doesnt know when to stop or whats too much. Many people should take into consideration that b uying to many things doesnt make you fit in or make you any better than the next person who only has 3 pairs of shoes, society should take a little bit of more function and take into count that our wants are not as important as our needs.Work citedHorning, Robert. The Design Imperative.Dialogues An Argument Rhetoric and Reader 7th ed. Ed. Gary Goshgarian and Kathleen Krueger. Boston Longman, 2011. 314-18. Print.Levine, Michael. brand World. Dialogues An Argument Rhetoric and Reader 7th ed. Ed. Gary Goshgarian and Kathleen Krueger. Boston Longman, 2011. 302-05. Print.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Kudler Accounting System Paper

Kudler Accounting System Paper Jon Lazar BSA/310 January 23, 2012 Jaclyn Krause Kudler Accounting System Paper These days it is especially important to pay attention to expound when it comes to deciding if your accounting administration is providing the kind of culture that may be required of you to produce. I think legal requirements and government regulations atomic number 18 becoming to a greater extent demanding as to what they expect to see if someone such as the I. R. S. were to show up and ask for an audit.I would like to talk a little intimately a a few(prenominal) of the key features, inwardness technology, benefits, and costs of installing and maintaining an efficient accounting system and some of the benefits it would be to your company, especially in areas where details are crucial. Like the existing accounting system that you have all probably gotten used to here at Kudler, a unexampled accounting system would be set up the same way by modules. Each module would be more comprehensive and attentive to details that have been apparently overlook by the present system.In the way of features, I could say that it is the most important overall feature a new system could offer this company. overbold technology has provided for faster, more detailed and organized information auditing and reporting. This is essential in todays crinkle world to keep accurate, itemized data entries in tramp to satisfy government business regulations such as standards set by the I. R. S. Detailed in functionation is especially critical for a company like Kudler, whose business transactions and data entry are performed by a single person. From an internal control standpoint, this isnt desirable.Having plainly one person, or even a few slew doing all the accounting that has to be done in a lot of different areas, opens the door for fraud and embezzlement. Companies that employ more people depute functions can structure tasks in such a way that those done by the sa me person dont pose a control threat. Realizing that for smaller companies, a lot of people in the accounting department may not be practical, and/or cost effective, systems have been developed for use with fewer people staffing them and still maintaining protection.The internal control structure that can be installed in a new accounting system will help eliminate security risks through mechanics and procedures rather than expensive people (Accounting Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System,2003). There are several top rated bone marrow Accounting programs that would fulfill the needs of your accounting department. Weak areas and areas of concern with the existing system include inventory and ordering control, and the way employees punch in and divulge for work.Presently, there is no systematic way of ordering supplies other than when a remembering runs low, an order is placed to share between the three stores. If one of the stores should discover a slow period, o verstocking could very well become a problem, especially when freshness of their products is one of Kudlers trademarks. An inventory control feature within the core program can automatically analyze, predict supply needs for a set delivery date, and actually place the order for each individual store saving lots of time and expense.The process in which employees punch in and out of work and the process it goes through just to get to the payment authorisation seems very time down for Kudler. A payroll processing feature of a new accounting system would record data such as name, date, time, employee number, etc. from a card that an employee would swipe upon signing in or out, process the employees personal financial information and then send that information to a printing station to print out the physical checks or send that information to the employees bank for direct deposit.Kudler needs a system that is up to date with speed, and technology to be able to produce reliable up to dat e, detailed account of all transactions made in the form of itemized and organized reports. If it is the intention for Kudler Fine Foods to grow, it must have a system that can grow with it. I do not believe Exel spreadsheets with its time consuming manual entries will be able to keep up with the growth of the company.Replacing the XLX with a SQL database will give the company connect-ability to send and receive data updating reports and balancing finances all in real time. The total cost would include hardware and software upgrades to the main servers as well as each POS at each store. The cost will include the time it takes to install, program, and test the new system. The cost will also include a staple training program and online support along with materials warrantees and our guarantee of customer satisfaction in both product and service.In closing I can only say that the benefits of a new accounting system would surely in the long run outweigh the modest cost of installing a n ew system. In business, time is money so saving time is saving money, and in this day and age where attention is given to detail, and details can either cost you money or save you money, there is only one logical choice. References Accounting Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System. (2003). Retrieved from http//www. businesstown. com/accounting/basic-components. asp

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Family Assessment

Running oral sex HEALTH ASSESSMENT Family foc mapd Health Assessment Nancy E Gundersen Grand C whateveron University NRS429v December 4, 2011 Family Focused Health Assessment This paper will assess a family queryed using Gordons 11 functional wellness patterns. It will summarize the visualiseings for severally wellness pattern from a designated number of interview questions. The author identifies two wellness nursing diagnoses based on the authors assessment of the family wellness patterns and the answers provided to the interview questions. The family interviewed was a husband and wife who live active lives.They get recently moved from Colorado to Texas and twain allow new jobs. They have 3 kidskinren and 2 grandchildren who re typeface in Oregon and Colorado. The wife recently went with radiation therapy for MALT lymphoma and the husband recently learned he has been living with only 1 kidney and a herniated disk. The husband has had gout since he was twenty five and the wife was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome at shape up eighteen. These conditions have been controlled by diet and medication. early(a)wise this family is fairly hygienic. They be from take issueent backg roundabouts and different cultures save have adapted their own traditions and health habits. some(prenominal) are mastered prepared and share alike(p) hobbies and interests. Summary of functional health patterns 1. value, health perceptions a. twain family members value health and do non have cultural influences as it relates to how they obtain a healthy lifestyle. They understand that eating right and exercising will increase their chances of regaining their health. 2. Nutrition b. Both family members work fulltime and have a very full schedule. They exclude early and are out the door with a minimal breakfast. The husband has a slim fast nutrition drink while the wife whitethorn have a bowl of cereal or slice of toast. Their lunch habits vary. The wife unremark ably brings lunch with her that includes a sandwich or protein bar. The husband usually goes menage for lunch and will mystify himself a cup of soup or a leftover salad. The wife usually does not arrive home until 630 or 7pm while the husband is home by 5pm. He is able to make healthy dinners as he enjoys cooking. They both exertion to stay a right smart from the foods that will bring on symptoms of gout or irritable bowel syndrome. 3. Sleep/Rest c. The husband does not usually have problems falling a peace but will get up during the night to use the bathroom.He only uses quietness concerns when he travels as his balance patterns are interrupted. The wife has a knotty time falling asleep because of the stresses of the day and will occasionally use an over the counter sleep aid if she is unable to get a good night sleep for several days. 4. Elimination d. The husband has no issue with proper elimination. He attributes this to eating a lot of salads. The wife however, because o f her irritable bowel syndrome will sometimes alternate between having constipation and diarrhea. She takes a probiotic routinely, benefiber and drinks plenty of water in addition to attempt to watch what she eats to stay systematic. . Activity/Exercise e. Both family members consider exercise as an big part of their daily life. Recent illnesses have prevented their big businessman to do strenuous exercise. The husband most recently hurt his back and the wife has not yet fully recovered from her radiation treatment. Both do early(a) forms of activities however including taking stairs instead of elevators, walking nine holes of golf and routine hearthhold chores such as yard work. 6. Cognitive f. Both family members do much better when they are in control of a meeting or mail service. They flavor clear headed and better prepared.They both have periods when they whitethorn forget to do something they were asked and have learned to write things down to help prevent this from ha ppening. 7. Sensory-perception g. Both family members are dealing with conditions that have not allowed them to be as active as they have been in the noncurrent. They frequently complain of joint pain or muscle aches. They try to stretch and work up to much(prenominal) strenuous application. Gout causes joint pain and a recent diagnosis of a herniated disk has increased back pain for the husband who is going to forcible therapy once a week. 8.Self-perception h. The wife was diagnosed with back endcer. This was a very stressful situation and the husband felt helpless as he could not alleviate her symptoms. The wife was afraid and felt helpless and fearful. The husband has also come to the realization that he is not able to play golf like he use to as he has restrictive movement due to his back problems. They both feel discouraged at times and have feelings of despair. 9. Role Responsibility i. Both family members feel they communicate well with each other and have developed ro utines that fit their lifestyle.The wife does not like to cook but the husband does so that works out very well. The husbands recent role of caregiver while the wife was going through radiation therapy was a situation they both had to deal with but in different ways. The wife stated she always thought she would be the one caring for her husband not the other way around. 10. Sexuality j. The recent stresses that both have gone through has affected their sexual patterns. Moving, a critical medical diagnosis, a new job, fashioning new friends and leaving their children was very difficult for both.Each stated they just worked through it. 11. Coping k. They both have been through a lot this past year and ? and it is prolonging a level head, hunch overing that they screwing count on each other and using logic not emotion to deal with issues has gotten them through some difficult times. Wellness nursing diagnosis The wellness nursing diagnosis within this family that might be candidate s for intervention would be in the areas of activity and exercise and sleep rest patterns. The recent diagnosis for both family members has affected their normal exercise routine.Their wellness nursing diagnosis would be the readiness for an heighten exercise program. They need more exercise to increase their aerobic cardiac health and need to resurrect the exercise routine that they enjoyed prior to their illness. Their stake diagnosis is disuse syndrome and the husband is at risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction and impaired physical mobility. If this family does not follow a proper exercise program that vanquish fits their health condition and lifestyle they can easily become sedentary and increase their chances for other health risks.The actual wellness nursing diagnosis for both family members is they currently have activity intolerance. The nursing wellness diagnosis for sleep-rest pattern is necessary for this family is they need to have a program established to en hance their sleep habits. They both have interrupted sleep patterns and use medication to help them rest. They both have disturbed sleep patterns and are at risk for sleep deprivation. The actual nursing wellness diagnosis would be sleep pattern disturbance and sleep deprivation. This family has done exceptionally well coping with the recent health issues they have had to face.They are a team and stated they need to regain their health. Continuing their healthy lifestyle, with all the obstacles, has only brought them closer together. They are functional problematical to get healthy again and building up their stamina when it comes to exercising is top of their list. They continue to do research on what whitethorn be unspoilt for them and will do whatever it takes to accomplish their goals. References Edelman, M. Health promotion throughout lifespan 7th edition. Mosby Elsevier. Gundersen, N. E. (2011, December 4). Family health assessment. (Interview with Mr. and Mrs.John Howard) (Mr. and Mrs. John Howard, Trans. ) (Interviewed using Gordons 11 functional health patterns as a guide). Austin Texas (Original work published 22 Questions developed using Gordons 11 functional health patterns). Weber, J. R. (2005). Nursing diagnoses (Wellness, risk and actual) grouped agree to functional health patterns. In Nurses handbook of health assessment 5th edition Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams &Wilkens. Retrieved from http//jxzy. smu. edu. cn/jkpg/Uploadfiles/file/TF_06928152357_nursing%20grouped%20by%20functional%20health%20patterns. pdfFamily AssessmentFamily Assessment a) Family form A definition of family A family is two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as organism part of a family. Friedman (1997) The Jordans are a nuclear family. The family members include husband, wife and common chord children. Dad is 40 four geezerhood old, Mom is forty one years old and the three boys are se ven, nine and eleven. The children are all in school, the parents help the seven year old who is in blink of an eye grade with his homework. While I was visiting, the youngest child was working on a book report.He was asking several questions of his Mom during the interview. The boy was very well-mannered and express excuse me sooner asking for help. The nine and eleven year old boys are quite independent with all their school work. When they have a script reading schedule related to their worship, they read together as a family. b) Patterns of Interaction/Communication The wife does all the domestic duties with the help of the oldest child. This family are churchmans Witnessess and culturally, the husband is the bread winner of the house and should work hard to provide for the entire family. The wife should take care of all the house work. shapers Witnessess believe the wife should not work. The Mothers job is to make sure the entire familys needs are met. This includes carin g for her children emotionally, physically and psychologically. Like the Bowens Family Systems Theory, the family is seen as an emotional unit. I did observe Mrs. Jordan as a very compassionate, concerned and emotional mother. She was very serious when talking about her children she felt strongly that the boys should be able to come to her with any issues, good or injurious. Mrs. Jordan is also responsible for the family budget and finances. When asked Who has the ply and authority in our family? Mrs. Jordan replied, The Bible, Jehovahs Word has the power in our family. It is the essence and the foundation of our family. If there is a decision to be made that affects the whole family, the husband and wife make the decisions, but the husband is the head of the household. The family believes in what the bible says, The Golden Rule, comprehend others the way you want to be treated. The developmental theory considers overtime the family unit foes through various phases that can be predicted based on norms. The family development show up examines role expectations within the family unit.I asked the family, Are there any role assessments, such as the good child or neat freak the boys laughed and look at each other. Then the momma quickly responded, No. Not at all. Our children know the law contained in the Bible and are governed by its principles. They all seemed to be comfortable when tell the questions in the interview, although their answers were somewhat vague, the dad did not participate much in the interview. Instead, he was answering calls and working from home. The family was asked if they engage in any activities together. The family volunteers in Life Saving Preaching Work.They are all involved in this ministry that saves lives. In other words, they share the gospel with others, believing that they with come to know the Lord. The husband is also a volunteer in the medical field. He was not specific when answering this question. The Jordans also h ave what they call round table establishions which they partake in every Friday night. c) Boundaries I wanted to know if their family had any subjects that were difficult to discuss together. The family brought up the subject of racism. Mrs. Jordan shared a composition about other children in school making racial comments to her child.This was devastating to Mrs. Jordan and she found it very hard and complicated to discuss. She felt anger toward the children that bullied her son. We discussed other boundaries as well. For example, I asked if the family members interact with groups outside of their family, Mrs. Jordan said Were Jehovahs Witnesses and as such, we are a part of an international brotherhood and we do not need invitation before visiting any of our brothers and sisters what we do not do is associate closely with non-witnesses, because bad association spoils useful habits. Everyone in the family seemed to agree with mom on this subject. In fact, the middle boy shared tha t they were only allowed to have a sleepover with other children innate(p) into Jehovahs witnesses with manners based on the bible. He also mentioned that it is a rule in their house they can only play their videos or watch TV on Friday, Saturday and Sunday until noon. d) Family Values & Norms The Structure Function Theory suggests the family is viewed as an organization roles, values, and communication are integral components. The Jordans differ from many families I know because of their strong ghostly beliefs.The Jordans values are based on the bible and all of them are equally important, according to Mrs. Jordan. She also stated Honesty, its a way of life. It is also very important to the family that they are sharing the gift of everlasting life with others who decide to comprehend to their preaching work. The family likes to spend time with each other every day. During breakfast they read their daily devotionals, and the father says a prayer on behalf of the whole family befo re they depart for the day. e) Religion Religion is very important to the family, and they have strong religious beliefs that may affect their healthcare decisions.They are to put their spiritual public assistance before any other things. As a Jehovahs Witness, they do not accept blood transfusions under any circumstance, even in the face of death according to scriptures Leviticus 1710, 11, Leviticus 1713,14, Acts 1522-29. When asked if the family go to church, Mrs. Jordan informed me that they do not attend church, but they do attend continuous meeting at their Kingdom Hall. Mrs. Jordan said, We are fifth generation Jehovahs Witnesses therefore we are born and embossed to do everything according to the bible.When asked if the family attended church, Mrs. Jordan informed me that they do not attend church, but they do attend regular meeting at their Kingdom Hall. Mrs. Jordan said, We are fifth generation Jehovahs Witnesses therefore we are born and raised to do everything accord ing to the bible. f) Culture g) Family Stressors Lastly, I wanted to know if the family is currently dealing with any stressors. presently Mrs. Jordan says that she is bored at home and would like to go back to work. h) Familys Strength and Resources The children were very well behaved during this interview.The oldest son, took my coat, and asked if I would like anything to drink. I thought the three boys were all extremely well mannered, gentlemen. The Father did not participate much in the interview he was also very polite and welcoming. The Jordan family has much military posture such as, communication, honesty, love and discipline. Like Mrs. Jordan I feel that discipline is a form of love. The family I connected, they sound time with one another and they help each other out. In addition, the family has many resources in their society of Jehovahs Witnesses.From what I understand this is a very connected community. They are likely to find the help of others in their community i f they needed. Summary I think the family and I both learned a few things from this interview. I particularly found it ambitious that the family reads the bible together every day. If and when I have children of my own, I will have this tradition with my family as well. I found out more raise information when I asked questions regarding the familys health care. The family uses immemorial prevention measures such as a healthy diet and exercise.The entire family has a membership at a fitness gym. The family is however against immunizations because they believe it can cause other health issues. The husband is a doctor and says he has knowledge of the serious side effects. I can understand the concern as parents, but as their nurse it is my job to explain both the risks and benefits. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) strongly recommends that the risks and benefits are discussed by a nurse or doctor before any refusal documents are signed. That means that we are to teach on eac h vaccinum and the disease it prevents.I would also refer them to the AAP website that has information on immunizations, providing parents an opportunity to ask questions about their concerns and attempting to understand parents reason for refusing one or more vaccines. It is important to maintain a supportive relationship with the family. The AAP encourages documentation the health care providers discussion with the parents of the serious risks. Have the parent sign the refusal for and keep it the patient roles medical record. The secondary prevention measures were regular checkups which are performed by the mom and dad.The dad is a neurosurgeon, and the mom has a nursing degree. The husband is the wifes primary physician also. She also admitted that she has neer had a dental checkup, but the children have. She never had a mammogram and doesnt intend to until she is sixty five years old. And lastly, when asked about medication taken, Mrs. Jordan explained, no one is on any medica tions. The goals I develop must be realistic, asking myself, to what extent can the goals be achieved? I personally feel like the parents are adamantine regarding the childrens immunizations.I would however provide them with the information from the AAP website to increase the knowledge or provide them with information that they may have previously misinterpreted or misunderstood. I would baffle a goal with Mrs. Jordan that she gets her annual mammogram and dental check-ups every six months as recommended by the American alveolar Association (ADA). The National Cancer Society (NCI) recommends that women age forty or older have screening mammograms every one to two years, and the standard pass is to visit a dentist twice a year for check-ups and cleanings.Family AssessmentFamily Assessment a) Family form A definition of family A family is two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of a family. Friedman (1997) The Jordans are a nuclear family. The family members include husband, wife and three children. Dad is forty four years old, Mom is forty one years old and the three boys are seven, nine and eleven. The children are all in school, the parents help the seven year old who is in second grade with his homework. While I was visiting, the youngest child was working on a book report.He was asking several questions of his Mom during the interview. The boy was very well-mannered and said excuse me before asking for help. The nine and eleven year old boys are quite independent with all their school work. When they have a bible reading schedule related to their worship, they read together as a family. b) Patterns of Interaction/Communication The wife does all the domestic duties with the help of the oldest child. This family are Jehovahs Witnessess and culturally, the husband is the bread winner of the house and should work hard to provide for the entire family. The wife shoul d take care of all the house work.Jehovahs Witnessess believe the wife should not work. The Mothers job is to make sure the entire familys needs are met. This includes caring for her children emotionally, physically and psychologically. Like the Bowens Family Systems Theory, the family is seen as an emotional unit. I did observe Mrs. Jordan as a very compassionate, concerned and emotional mother. She was very serious when talking about her children she felt strongly that the boys should be able to come to her with any issues, good or bad. Mrs. Jordan is also responsible for the family budget and finances. When asked Who has the power and authority in our family? Mrs. Jordan replied, The Bible, Jehovahs Word has the power in our family. It is the essence and the foundation of our family. If there is a decision to be made that affects the whole family, the husband and wife make the decisions, but the husband is the head of the household. The family believes in what the bible says, Th e Golden Rule, Treat others the way you want to be treated. The developmental theory considers overtime the family unit foes through various phases that can be predicted based on norms. The family development approach examines role expectations within the family unit.I asked the family, Are there any role assessments, such as the good child or neat freak the boys laughed and look at each other. Then the mom quickly responded, No. Not at all. Our children know the law contained in the Bible and are governed by its principles. They all seemed to be comfortable when answering the questions in the interview, although their answers were somewhat vague, the dad did not participate much in the interview. Instead, he was answering calls and working from home. The family was asked if they engage in any activities together. The family volunteers in Life Saving Preaching Work.They are all involved in this ministry that saves lives. In other words, they share the gospel with others, believing that they with come to know the Lord. The husband is also a volunteer in the medical field. He was not specific when answering this question. The Jordans also have what they call round table discussions which they partake in every Friday night. c) Boundaries I wanted to know if their family had any subjects that were difficult to discuss together. The family brought up the subject of racism. Mrs. Jordan shared a story about other children in school making racial comments to her child.This was devastating to Mrs. Jordan and she found it very hard and complicated to discuss. She felt anger toward the children that bullied her son. We discussed other boundaries as well. For example, I asked if the family members interact with groups outside of their family, Mrs. Jordan said Were Jehovahs Witnesses and as such, we are a part of an international brotherhood and we do not need invitation before visiting any of our brothers and sisters what we do not do is associate closely with non-witne sses, because bad association spoils useful habits. Everyone in the family seemed to agree with mom on this subject. In fact, the middle boy shared that they were only allowed to have a sleepover with other children born into Jehovahs witnesses with manners based on the bible. He also mentioned that it is a rule in their house they can only play their videos or watch TV on Friday, Saturday and Sunday until noon. d) Family Values & Norms The Structure Function Theory suggests the family is viewed as an organization roles, values, and communication are integral components. The Jordans differ from many families I know because of their strong religious beliefs.The Jordans values are based on the bible and all of them are equally important, according to Mrs. Jordan. She also stated Honesty, its a way of life. It is also very important to the family that they are sharing the gift of everlasting life with others who decide to listen to their preaching work. The family likes to spend time with each other every day. During breakfast they read their daily devotionals, and the father says a prayer on behalf of the whole family before they depart for the day. e) Religion Religion is very important to the family, and they have strong religious beliefs that may affect their healthcare decisions.They are to put their spiritual well-being before any other things. As a Jehovahs Witness, they do not accept blood transfusions under any circumstance, even in the face of death according to scriptures Leviticus 1710, 11, Leviticus 1713,14, Acts 1522-29. When asked if the family attended church, Mrs. Jordan informed me that they do not attend church, but they do attend regular meeting at their Kingdom Hall. Mrs. Jordan said, We are fifth generation Jehovahs Witnesses therefore we are born and raised to do everything according to the bible.When asked if the family attended church, Mrs. Jordan informed me that they do not attend church, but they do attend regular meeting at their Kin gdom Hall. Mrs. Jordan said, We are fifth generation Jehovahs Witnesses therefore we are born and raised to do everything according to the bible. f) Culture g) Family Stressors Lastly, I wanted to know if the family is currently dealing with any stressors. Currently Mrs. Jordan says that she is bored at home and would like to go back to work. h) Familys Strength and Resources The children were very well behaved during this interview.The oldest son, took my coat, and asked if I would like anything to drink. I thought the three boys were all extremely well mannered, gentlemen. The Father did not participate much in the interview he was also very polite and welcoming. The Jordan family has much strength such as, communication, honesty, love and discipline. Like Mrs. Jordan I feel that discipline is a form of love. The family I connected, they sound time with one another and they help each other out. In addition, the family has many resources in their community of Jehovahs Witnesses.Fro m what I understand this is a very connected community. They are likely to find the help of others in their community if they needed. Summary I think the family and I both learned a few things from this interview. I particularly found it intriguing that the family reads the bible together every day. If and when I have children of my own, I will have this tradition with my family as well. I found out more interesting information when I asked questions regarding the familys health care. The family uses primary prevention measures such as a healthy diet and exercise.The entire family has a membership at a fitness gym. The family is however against immunizations because they believe it can cause other health issues. The husband is a doctor and says he has knowledge of the serious side effects. I can understand the concern as parents, but as their nurse it is my job to explain both the risks and benefits. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) strongly recommends that the risks and ben efits are discussed by a nurse or doctor before any refusal documents are signed. That means that we are to teach on each vaccine and the disease it prevents.I would also refer them to the AAP website that has information on immunizations, providing parents an opportunity to ask questions about their concerns and attempting to understand parents reason for refusing one or more vaccines. It is important to maintain a supportive relationship with the family. The AAP encourages documentation the health care providers discussion with the parents of the serious risks. Have the parent sign the refusal for and keep it the patients medical record. The secondary prevention measures were regular checkups which are performed by the mom and dad.The dad is a neurosurgeon, and the mom has a nursing degree. The husband is the wifes primary physician also. She also admitted that she has never had a dental checkup, but the children have. She never had a mammogram and doesnt intend to until she is si xty five years old. And lastly, when asked about medication taken, Mrs. Jordan explained, no one is on any medications. The goals I develop must be realistic, asking myself, to what extent can the goals be achieved? I personally feel like the parents are adamant regarding the childrens immunizations.I would however provide them with the information from the AAP website to increase the knowledge or provide them with information that they may have previously misinterpreted or misunderstood. I would set a goal with Mrs. Jordan that she gets her annual mammogram and dental check-ups every six months as recommended by the American Dental Association (ADA). The National Cancer Society (NCI) recommends that women age forty or older have screening mammograms every one to two years, and the standard recommendation is to visit a dentist twice a year for check-ups and cleanings.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Grand Theory Written Assignment Essay

A haughty surmise is a systematic construction for the nature of nurse that has a clear mission and goals for breast feeding c atomic number 18. There are four categories of trains of survey within the realm of grand theories to entangle postulate theories, interaction theories, outcome theories, and lastly caring/comme il faut theories. In the following tables I subscribe highlighted a theorist from each school of thought and briefly discussed their learningal background, my perception of their description and philosophy of nursing, and the goal/ heading of their opening.Needs theorist Faye AbdellahEducational BackgroundFaye Abdellah received her nursing education at Fitkin Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, Nepture, N.J. and calibrated in 1942. She then went on to study chemical science at Rutgers University prior to receiving her Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Education degrees from the instructors College of Columbia University, N.Y. Retriev ed from http//fayeabdellah.blogspot.com/p/backgroud-publications.htmlPhilosophy of nursingAccording to Meleis, her philosophy of nursing includes the use of problem solving approach to grip with 21 distinct problems related to needs of tolerants. She described a problem as a break faced by the patient for which a nurse quite a little assist, overtly and covertly. This is done by deterrent care (to include hygiene, safety, exercise, rest, sleep, and body mechanics), sustenal care (psychological), remedial care (oxygen, fluid, nutrition, and elimination), and finally restorative care (coping with the unsoundness and life adjustment). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 162-164.Definition of nursingNursing is based on an art and science that moulds the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and practiced skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to armed service people, sick or well, cope with their healthneeds as stated by Faye Abdellah in her Twenty-one Nursing Problems theory (1960).Goal/purpose of theoryTo help the individual or patient meet health needs and adjust to their health problems. Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 164.fundamental interaction theorist Hildegard PeplauEducational BackgroundHildegard Peplau graduated from the diploma nursing program Pottstown, PA in 1931 and went on to be a staff nurse. Peplau then was recommended to work as a school nurse at Bennington College located in Vermont. While working there she earned her Bachelors Degree in Inter person-to-person Psychology in 1943. From there she went on to earn her Masters and Doctoral degrees from Teachers College of Columbia University. In addition she became certified in psychoanalysis thru the William Alanson White Institution of sore York City. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Hildegard-Peplau.phpPhilosophy of nursingPeplaus philosophy of nursing focused on harnessing energy psychological disturbances such(prenominal) as anxiety and tension to define under standing with patients and deal with the problem at hand. She felt the goals of nursing included developing patients personalities to make illness an eventful experience. She felt nurses need to develop problem-solving skills via the interpersonal put to work (educational, therapeutic, and collaborative).Definition of nursingPeplaus concept and view of nursing is that it is a therapeutic, interpersonal, goal oriented make that is a healing art. It involves recognizing and assisting the patient (individual who is ill or in need of health care) in achieving a common goal. This requires the nurse and patient to build a trusting relationship by way of orientation, identification, exploitation, and result (the phases of growing an interpersonal relationship). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 165-166. She identified the many shares that nurses must take in enjoin to have a meaningful relationship withpatients and that nurses must understand the relationship to provide good care.Goal/purpose o f theoryThe ultimate goal of Peplaus theory was to understand the principles of interpersonal relationships between the nurse and patient in order to facilitate problem solving skills. This is to be done by using education and substantiating interactions. She went on to explain the seven nursing roles (stranger, resource, teacher, counselor, surrogate, and technical expert). These roles can be applied in contrasting situations to provide the best care possible and goal attainment. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/theories-and-role models/peplau-theory-of-interpersonal-relations.phpOutcomes theorist Callista RoyEducational BackgroundSister Callista Roy graduated with her first degree Bachelor of Arts in Nursing from Mount St. Marys College in California in 1963. Then in 1966, she went on to obtain her Masters Degree in Pediatric Nursing from the University of California. In addition she earned a Masters Degree in Sociology in 1973 and Doctoratal degree in Sociology in 1977. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.phpPhilosophy of nursingFrom what I can see from Roys writings she believes that the focus of nursing to her is a focus on leaf nodes stimuli and the effect it has on them for adaptation. Adaption modes include physiologic, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Goals of nursing include promoting these changes/adaption in the above mentioned areas by way of manipulating the stimuli (focal, residual, and contextual) by way of affirmative coping. ). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 169-172.Definition of nursingCallista Roy is known to believe that nursing is a system of knowledge based on theory that views the client (sick or potentially sick) as a biopsychosocial being. Clients adapt to changes within their environment and as nurses we provide care through the nursing process to help promoteadaption to state of well-being. In order to do this we must ensure that the client have effective coping mechanis ms and responses to avoid disruption in the integrity of the client.Goal/purpose of theoryThe goal and purpose of Roys theory is to promote client adaptation by nursing interventions such as facilitation of adaptive tasks via counseling, effective nurse-client communication, health education, active manipulation, support, and by identifying resources for the client. Roy states that by adapting that the patient is then freed for him to respond to other stimuli which may be present The Roy adaptation model Comment (as sited by Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 494.Caring/ human Becoming theorist Rosemarie dissectEducational BackgroundRosemarie dissect initially was educated at Duquesne University of Pittsburgh. She then went on to get her MSN and Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh.Philosophy of nursingThe goal of nursing to Parse appears to be co-creating meaning and finding way of being. This is done by not focusing on the illness or problem in itself, but by transforming in new ways o n purpose through the human universe process. Nurses are to illuminate meaning, synchronize rhythms and mobilize transcendence by connecting and actually understanding and being present with patients. Decision making is done together with the patient and nurse. Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 172-174.Definition of nursingParses definition of nursing is that it is a human science and art that uses knowledge to help people. Nurses should not focus on fixing problems, but rather view the patient as a whole living experiences through their environment which help them evolve. She believes that nurses must help guide patients co-create their own health and deal with illness.Goal/purpose of theoryThe goal or purpose of Parses Human Becoming Theory of Nursing is to focus of the quality of life from each separate persons perspective. It does not focus on bio-medical or bio-psycho-social-spiritual approaches as with mosttheories, but instead views the patient as a person and combination of all aspec ts. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Rosemarie-Rizzo-Parse.phpI agree with all of the above listed schools of thought and have incorporated each in my own personal nursing care practice. Abdellah thoughts that nursing is centered on problem solving on the needs of patients in order to assist them in restoring health are near and dear to my heart. Depending on the field you work in this can include a armament of cares. I personally work mainly in obstetrics and medical aesthetics.In the obstetric realm I provide care to help patients have a happy and healthy delivery of a child whereas in my medical spa my goal is help clients improve their aesthetic appearance, thus helping them feel more attractive and confident. Both have a goal, although widely different. This school of thought largely is incorporated in my obstetric care as I assist patients to understand and incorporate impediment care, sustenal care, remedial care, and obviously restorative care as becoming a parent is a big adjustment in life.Peplau brought out the impressiveness of building a therapeutic interpersonal relationship with patients in order to facilitate their skills in coping with the problem at hand. Peplaus interaction school of thought is also very congruent with my nursing philosophy as I feel it is of upmost importance to build a solid trusting interpersonal relationship with patients/clients no matter what area of nursing one is working in. Without doing so, the patient/client will not believe and trust what we are assay to accomplish with them. The event of birthing a child and learning how to care for them is a very personal process where the nurse-client relationship is of upmost importance. Also in aesthetics the client must feel gentle with me as a nurse in order to trust me in helping them attain their goals.Roys theory is seeding in the outcomes school of thought which is also easy to incorporate into nursing care as adaption is required with all processes of life. As nurses we truly do help our clients adapt to their healthstatus and can assist them to become able to care for themselves independently. In obstetrics parents must adapt to having and caring for a newborn infant. The mother has been thru months of adaption to being pregnant, and now must instantly step into a new role that is often times scary and confusing As a nurse I am responsible for(p) to ensure that they are prepared and adapting to this change prior to discharge.Lastly the caring/human becoming school of thought is probably the most utilized type of grand theory that I personally use. Parse points out that we should not focus on fixing the problem, but concentrate on the whole of the patient including experiences lived and how this has helped them evolve. Basically we must think of the patients quality of life, especially from the patients point of view. This can be applied in all fields of nursing as we strive to help patients have the quality of life that they expect and deserve.In conclusion Id like to think that as a nurse I practice from a variety of theories to incorporate the best, quality care possible for patients no matter what the purpose of treatment may be. I try to tailor my approaches taking into account their medical history, environment, and family. Nursing is forever changing and so is the patient population. We must as nurses continue to educate ourselves and evolve with time, never becoming stagnant.ReferencesAbdellah, F. G., Beland, I. I., Martin, A., & Matheney, R. V. (1960). Patient-centered approaches in nursing. New York Macmillan. Meleis, A.I. (2012). Theoretical Nursing Development & Progress, Fifth Edition. Philadelphia, PA Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. http//fayeabdellah.blogspot.com/p/backgroud-publications.html http//nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/peplau-theory-of-interpersonal-relations.php http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Hildegard-Peplau.php http//n ursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Rosemarie-Rizzo-Parse.php http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.php

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Assess Different Sociological Explanations of SuicideAnomie Essay

using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess assorted sociological explanations of self-annihilation. (21 marks) Suicide is theintentionaltakingof nonp beilsownlife and sociologists over the years deal tried to target forward different explanations for why someone whitethorn do this.Within sociology there are many different berths on suicide on the causes and explanations for it, these come from two main methodologies which are Positivists who believe that sociology is a information and they should header to make causal laws on suicide rates, compared to Interpretivists who believe that they should look for meaning behind occurrences and sealed individualistics experiences originally the suicide. Other perspectives also put in their views on what they believe to justify suicide for role model, Realists.Item A references to Durkheims Structural Functionalist view on suicide, as stated Durkheim believes that out-of-pocket to sociology being a science with the topic o f suicide it is very easy to make causal laws or as utter in Item A companionable facts. Due to the fact Durkheim believed that there were a number of causes behind suicide he form four types of suicide from a Positivist viewpoint. Egoistic suicide which is when individuals are non integrated well enough into society for caseful people who live alone compared to those who live with family.second Altruistic suicide which is when individuals are felt to be too integrated into society causing suicide, for example shares of the armed forces were say to have greater suicide rates than civilian personnel as they were too strongly integrated into a united body. Durkheim also put forward the idea of Anomic suicide, this is when the norms and value in society become unclear or confused in times of great social throw and an individual is not taught to adapt to changes well enough. For example an unexpected death of a family member is sharp social change which can cause Anomic suicide .Lastly, he suggested Fatalistic suicide. Fatalism is the thinking of the individual that they can do nothing to affect their situation and individuals find their future blocked and oppressed due to society over regulating them. For example slaves and prisoners may have this mindset when they take their own lives. Durkheim said that his work on suicide had several merits as it correctly revealed that suicide is a social kinda than psychological occurrence and proved his methodology that you can establish laws and show that sociology is a science.However his hypothesis on suicide has been met with some criticism. Douglas claimed that Durkheims work relied too heavily on the use of official statistics on suicide and he incorrectly faux that these were representative of the real truth. Douglas notes that official statistics are socially produced and can be distorted in many ways, for example via concealment and varying definitions of suicide by coroners meaning that the validity of the statistics is doubted. So Douglas himself put forward an explanation for suicide.Douglas adopted a Symbolic Interactionist perspective, along with a interpretive methodology which is opposite to that of Durkheim. Some would argue that Douglas selected to look at suicide as an area of investigation as he thought it would illustrate the beliefs of Interactionists and highlight the short comings of the Structural Functionalists irrefutable nestle. Douglas used psychiatrists reports and newspaper accounts to come up with his four patterns of social meaning for suicide and within his oeuvre he took a very subjective approach looking at meaning and motives.In Douglas view suicide could be due to four reasons, the first to gain release from the cares of the world to find happiness, to change the opinion of others in the suicides favour, to achieve a state of fellow feeling creating a climate of benevolence or to simply get revenge towards those who are causing pain towards them. Do uglas believed that his work highlighted that suicide is a rational act rather than an automatic response to the environment as people are energetic not passive, and also to show that sociology is not a science and we should look into meanings over statistics.Obviously this was highly criticised by Structural Functionalists such as Durkheim who believed that Douglas work was too unscientific and that he incorrectly assumed that the nature of man is active rather than passive. Another sociologist who takes an Interpretivist methodology is Atkinson, believing that social meaning and scene is more grievous in finding root causes. However unlike Douglas, Atkinson is a Ethnomethodologist which has a primeval belief of showing that each individual use their own members methods to work out what they see.This is why Atkinson determined to study suicide, also to show how official statistics are not enough. Atkinson focused on a coroners report and underwent participant observation at an office to see what methods they used to decide whether a death was suicide or not. Atkinson stated that they used common sense theories of suicide so if reliable information were to fit the theories it would be called a suicide. They would look at clues to help decided, Atkinson named a few to which he believed was important within their decisions.Firstly was there a suicide note left, this clearly is a puffy clue to whether or not the individual meant to kill themselves. Secondly how did the individual die as certain ways such as hanging point towards suicide, also the location of the body, usually if it is hidden remote out of sight then the person is indicating that they did not want to be found. Finally did the individual have any past mental illnesses or life history that could lead them towards suicide.Atkinson and so stated that a suicide verdict reflects the assumptions and interpretation of the clues by the coroner rather than reality and facts. Atkinsons study was sai d to have some merits as it did identify what clues coroners use to arrive at a suicide verdict, entirely also shows that positivists use of quantative data such as official statistics is not valid as they are produced by coroners who base the label of suicide on their own social assumptions.Hindess put forward a criticism for both Douglas and Atkinson, arguing that although Interpretive researchers have maintained that suicide statistics can be delusory they havent stated to what extent they distort peoples ideas, so therefore it may only be slight and still be possible to make accurate causal laws from a Positivist viewpoint. Taylor has put forward his view on suicide, taking a Realist approach which is very different from the explanations already stated.Taylor has tried to combine both Interpretivist and Positivist methodologies to come to a verdict on suicide. Taylor underwent a study on the London Underground and people who had died from falling underneath a train take a fir m stand that causal factors are important in considering suicide especially that of significant others such as family. In his investigation over half of the 32 who had died were said to have committed suicide although they were no literal evidence, coroners just based this on history of mental illness.Ignoring such factors of suicide and focusing on coroners is unrealistic, so looking at causal factors is from Taylors view a valid approach. But it is also important to gain a fuller figureing of suicide by finding a synthesis in the midst of the causes of the occurrence which is the Structural Functionalist side but also the exploration of the social meanings behind it, showing the Interactionist approach.Taylor therefore identified a category for suicide which is Sacrifice suicide, where it has occurred by the conduct of other people towards the suicide, for example family members have made the individuals life so unbearable this is the only way out. An advantage of Taylors appro ach to suicide is that it attempts to show how both positivist and interpretive methods are useful in trying to understand suicide, however certain sociologist have criticised it for being too one sided. It has been stated that Taylor focused more on the Interactionist failing to achieve Structuralism.Another criticism from Durkheim is that Taylors cause of suicide that he put forward seems unimportant compared to the large scale of the structural causes central concern such as sudden social change which is a more widespread reason. To conclude many sociologists have differing views to try to explain suicide and why they think individuals do take their own lifes, however these are just theories because no one will ever know the real root cause of why someone has cease their lives unless they leave a note explaining why and in many causes this does not happen.