A Burton Jew Thanksgiving

A Burton Jew Thanksgiving So I live in Burton Conner, like some other people, but I happen to live on Burton 2, known primarily for being right below the Burton Third Bombers and for having the largest concentration of Kosher keeping Jews on one floor anywhere, or just the highest concentration of Jews in general, hence our being known as Burton Jew. One suite even has a Kosher oven and such. I am not Jewish. I’m from the Midwest- I had a Jewish neighbor. Once. And that pretty much constitutes the entirety of my previous exposure to Judaism prior to MIT. Consequently, it never even occurred to me that I’d be living with Kosher keeping people, much less on a floor with a lot of them. I didn’t even know what being Kosher entailed besides no bacon, which was pretty much all I needed to know to be convinced that I could never be a good Jew in the case I decided to spontaneously convert. (Lack of bacon creates a positive ? in the reaction of my becoming Jewish? Whoa, okay, it’s offish, I’ve had too much 5.112.) Why does this have anything to do with Thanksgiving? Well, okay, a few things you should know about Kosher, if you’re like me three months ago and know nothing about it: 1. Meat and dairy can’t be eaten together. 2. Oh, and on top of that, you can’t use the same utensils to cook the two, either. This isn’t a big deal in normal life- I mean, you just exercise a little more caution with what spoon you’re eating your cereal with in the morning and everyone’s happy. But let’s think about this. Every year, we have a Burton Jew Thanksgiving for the entire floor- turkey, stuffing, pumpkin pie, mashed potatoes, other dishes liable to clog your arteries… and half of these have to be Kosher. The result is a weekend extravaganza of musical ovens in which Kosher things (like Ida, the kosher turkey) are cooked in Kosher ovens while non-kosher things (like Colonel Fitzsimmons, our non-kosher turkey) are cooked in the other ovens on the floor. (Right, we have kitchens. I probably should have said that three paragraphs ago.) Musical ovens can be dangerous. But no worries, here at MIT we take safety first and everyone made it to dinner in one piece, with the notable exceptions of Ida and Colonel Fitzsimmons. And as the females of the floor nursed our food triplets (wow, no pun intended…) the dinner was deemed a success. Good food and good friends- there’s not much else to give thanks for. Happy Thanksgiving from MIT! Post Tagged #Burton-Conner House

Ideology of Communism - Free Essay Example

The basic ideology of communism was popularized in the second half of the nineteenth century because of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, two German political and economic philosophers. The goal of communism, as they viewed it, is for the working class to take control of the rewards of their labor, for even distribution of wealth among the people, and to overthrow capitalism. So long as all citizens work to the best of their ability, all people will receive according to their need. However, it wasnt put into practice up until the Russian Revolution where the Soviet Union was born. The concept was shaky still since most used communism and socialism interchangeably because of their similarities. When discussing communism, it is most often related to a specific political party and achieving economic equality through total eradication of public property. These beliefs center around the idea that inequality within a society is the product of capitalism, therefore the purpose is to declare communal control of most major means of production and natural resources. Reaching mid twentieth century, the political power communism bared was beyond thought; many speculated that it would surpass democracy as the superior ideology, yet in 2018, two decades later, as little as five communist countries remain. These include: the Peoples Republic of China, the Republic of Cuba, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, and the Socialist Republi c of Vietnam. Considering there is no right way to rule a nation, the following are the reasons whether or not nations were successful in their upbringing, and accounts for different views considering the economic, social, and political stances that could put each of the five at an advantage, or completely opposite, a disadvantage. Although it is not to prevalent in todays society, communism has great advantages as long as it is conducted correctly. In a communist nation, ideally, everyone has equal opportunity. A world in which everyone receives the same chance as others to build a life for themselves; a world in which no one has a head start. Wealth, a large factor that separates individuals in a capitalistic nation, does not make a difference for every citizen has the same opportunity as the next in order to become extraordinary based on their efforts, talents, and gifts. No social class can be better than another because there is no social class system at all and no job is greater than another. Apart from that, health care, education, and employment become much more accessible to the common citizens through a country ran with communism. Because a communist infrastructure requires its citizens to contribute as much as they are able to, there is almost no unemployment. In some way or another, everybody is emp loyed. The product of increased employment is lower crime since the basic needs of life are provided. Compared to a capitalistic society, in communist nations every girl is given the same level of educational opportunity. Hence, the divide between classes becomes nonexistent. The logic behind this is that children who have the freedom to go to the school of their choice are less likely to drop out and join the working class at a young age. To their benefit, the residents can receive the medical attention they need, free of cost. Illness and disease are easily prevented thus the workforce is not losing members, and the working class can no longer use that to their advantage. Due to the public ownership of major businesses, communism does not allow business monopolies. Since the government allots the money to be spent for production costs, there is no business competition. Government control means manufacturers can produce a limited number of goods and cannot demand for higher prices. Despite its good intentions, a communistic society is not all rainbows, butterflies, and sunshine. Meanwhile it is great for the population to live under the same economic conditions and consistently receiving paycheck after paycheck, earning is limited, and communism often results in national poverty. The hard caps that are placed on the amount of income an individual can earn, make it difficult for people to continue innovating since they become complacent and have no incentives to work harder. They are aware that they need to reach the community demanded level of productivity but have no reason to go beyond the minimum requirement. Although its goal is to hold everyone in equality, it is too often that families end up struggling with poverty. On record, the structure is perfect; however, it is easy for government officials and politicians to manipulate and corrupt the compensation that the proletariat receive. A single politician can tweak the system to where they receive the mos t compensation and the rest receives less. Unfortunately, the lower class cannot question the integrity of the actions of their superiors and there is virtually no way for them to gain any insight regarding how the country they live in is ran. Thousands are kept in the dark. As in the most famous communistic nation, North Korea, people are kept in ignorance. There is rarely any type of contact outside of the country that is not screened by the government beforehand. Even though the population may believe that they are aware of current events, they are unaware of the true nature of the world for what the government considers beneficial to them. The most discouraging disadvantage of all is the lack of personal freedom that those inhabiting countries as the United States enjoy. The goal of communism is to have all individuals working toward the same goal, therefore people are not free to pursue their own interests. Additionally, freedom of speech is taken away meaning that if someone o penly criticizes the government, they are subjected to harsh punishment. The creative pursuits that many in democratic nations take for granted are not encouraged within a communistic world. Because those with passion for anything creative are not paid for it, the citizenry simply does not have incentive to partake in these outlets thus pushing arts aside as a whole. On paper, communism sounds very utopic; this system of government looks good because it focuses on equality and eliminating social classes that separate one another. If we take the time to study the many nations that have attempted to apply some of these qualities to their social, political, and economic value, it is true that some were successful in the beginning but ended up a step behind the rest of the world. Even today, countries that claimed to be once completely communistic are slowly changing their markets or converting to recognize private ownership. In my opinion, compared to capitalism, it does not stand a chance. However, what I consider might be more effective for the well-being of the entire population in socialism. Logistically speaking, a concept like this could never be implemented into any of the nations of today as it is no longer effective, and the disadvantages outweigh the good.

Animals Used for Food

Theodore Robert Cowell Or Well Known As Infamous Serial

Theodore Robert Cowell or well known as infamous serial killer Ted Bundy is one of the most notorious criminals of the 1970s. He has been connected to at least 36 murders, however he has been suspected to have committed one hundred or more. With all these murders comes the idea of why, where does it come from and where did it start, among many other questions. Which leads us to our purpose of this paper, exploring the mind of Ted Bundy. I hope to analyze Ted Bundy’s life and pick apart aspects of them that lead him down this criminal life. As stated Ted Bundy was born with name Theodore Robert Cowell. His mother, Eleanor Cowell, had Bundy when she was twenty-one years old and unmarried in a home for unwed mothers in Vermont. She†¦show more content†¦However, he eventually got back together with Brooks, they were on the verge of marriage before Bundy had cut off the relationship completely. Then, in 1974, most sources say agree that it was the beginning of his murd erous career. His first victim was beaten over the head with her bed frame while she slept and then sexual assaulted with the same object. He would go on to kill many more young women, escape from custody twice, and finally in February of 1978, Bundy was arrested and it marked the end of his murderous rampage. In his court trials, Bundy handled most of his court trials. Bundy had gone against the entire defense effort out of spite and distrust. He was facing murder charges, with a possible death sentence, and he was just concerned with being in charge. In addition, the prosecutors and defense team had reached a pre-trial bargain, in which, Bundy would plead guilty to several accounts of killings and in return he would receive a long sentencing but no electric chair. However, in doing so he was going to have to say he was guilty to everyone and it was just something he could not do. Ultimately, this all led to his death by the electrically chair in January 24, 1989. I believe thi s path that Bundy had taken all started with his child hood. It was clear that his mother deceiving him into believing that she was his sister and that his grandparents had adopted him had an impact on his life. As stated before, this made himShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy And Charles Manson : The Characteristics Of Serial Killers And Mass Murderers1550 Words   |  7 Pageshave yet to be determined. So what causes someone to kill? Are serial killers and mass murderers more of a product of their own upbringing and environment or of delusional thoughts from a chemical imbalance? Someone who kills is an obsessed individual who lacks a conscience and who has no remorse. All the known characteristics of someone who kills point to something beyond our comprehension. Ted Bundy and Charles Manson are both infamous in the world of criminal history. Not all killers are the same:Read MoreSerial Killers : Ted Bundy2109 Words   |  9 Pages Ted Bundy By Kim LaShomb Criminal Psychology Theodore Robert Cowell, aka â€Å"Ted Bundy† is one of the most well known serial killers in United States history. His reign of terror went on from 1974- 1978 when he was arrested and charged with numerous crimes. These crimes include first degree murder, kidnapping, rape, sodomy, unlawful sex with corpses, resisting arrest, and the list goes on from there. It was said that he had over 300 victims, but he would

Analysis The Beach Essay - 1745 Words

MARK395 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL By Tracy Bustamanre Image one – Contemporary issue: Erosion Description and discussion: This photograph was taken on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii in 2015. It was taken during sunset and as the tide had gone out, revealing a wider coastline. The world-famous beach is manmade and since 1951, over 80,000 cubic meters of sand has been imported to replace sand lost through erosion from heavy rainfall, sea swells, wind and tropical storms. Analysis: With Hawaii’s economy being dependant on tourism and the main source of employment, it is important for DMOs ensure its attractions and services are maintained. The beaches are Hawaii’s most popular attractions but are in danger due to erosion and pollution. Erosion is a major environmental issue that affects many of Hawaii’s most famous beaches and is a natural phenomenon. However, the building of structures on the coastline and the formation of sea-walls can speed up the affects. This can impact on the marine life, coral reefs and water quality. As the most popular activities for tourists are based in natural surroundings, it is important to not only ensure the safety of tourists but to maintain the natural environment for future generations. In response, Hawaiian DMOs and environmental government organisations work closely to: educate visitors and residents, regulate what activities tourist can and cannot do in specific areas, organise beach clean-ups and plan beach maintenance strategies. SomeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Beach Burial1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Analysis of ‘Beach Burial’ Kenneth Slessor’s poignant poem, ‘Beach Burial’ contemplates on the improper and unfair burial that the Australian soldiers, who were at war with the Germans during World War 2, receive as a result of the fact that they could not get back home. The main idea that the poet was trying to get across was that as a result of the soldiers not being able to get a proper burial, they are not able to be recognized and are considered to be just another casualty of war:Read MoreAnalysis Of Beach In Hawaii1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Beach in Hawaii†; An analysis Ziggy Marley is the son of the late Reggae great Bob Marley, in 2012 he wrote a song called, â€Å"Beach in Hawaii.† Though the title is upbeat, Ziggy talks about loneliness and how he wants to be with a certain person on the beach in Hawaii. Throughout the song, Ziggy uses repetition, imagery, metaphors and similes to drive the point that he is lonely in paradise. In the song â€Å"Beach in Hawaii,† Ziggy Marley uses repetition. To drive the meaning of the song Ziggy repeatsRead MoreAnalysis of Beach Chairs790 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Beach Chairs†, written by Joyce Ebrecht, is one of many poems that share a meaning of love. The situation of the poem is that of two couples sitting on beach chairs and watching the world pass by while thinking about their love for each other. The overall themes of this poem are that of love and unity. Joyce Ebrecht achieves these overall themes through the structure, diction, figures of speech, pace/rhythm, and sounds of the poem. Structure is a crucial element in a poem and can serveRead MoreAnalysis Of On Chesil Beach 1557 Words   |  7 PagesAll three texts present very different views on marriage. ‘On Chesil Beach’ presents a picture of a nervous young couple on the first night of their honeymoon, where although both are inexperienced, they seem to be in love. Whereas, in ‘The Merchants Tale’, we have an old ‘hoor’ man, desperate for a young wife to present him with an heir. On the other hand, ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is a play about the marriage of two lovers; this view is idealised and has for centuries been perceived as the perfect viewRead More Essay on Dover Beach: An Analysis1052 Words   |  5 Pages An Analysis of Dover Beachnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Dover Beach intrigued me as soon as I read the title. I have a great love of beaches, so I feel a connection with the speaker as he or she stands on the cliffs of Dover, looking out at the sea and reflecting on life. Arnold successfully captures the mystical beauty of the ocean as it echoes human existence and the struggles of life. The moods of the speaker throughout the poem change dramatically as do the moods of the sea. The irregular, unorderedRead MoreDover Beach Poem Analysis1739 Words   |  7 PagesUpon reading Matthew Arnold’s poem, â€Å"Dover Beach†, I was greeted with a fleeting sense of tranquility and a lingering emotion of melancholy. Found in his carefully crafted words, Arnold gives an accurate representation of the beliefs held during the era of Realism by using descriptive imagery. His use of imagery is the primary aspect of the work that most interested me. For instance, in the first stanza, the narrator gives the reader the setting of â€Å"Dover Beach†. He states, â€Å"Upon the straits; on theRead MoreThe Beach Literary Analysis Paper776 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beach by Alex Garland Analysis Paper There are some travelers who see a â€Å"paradise† as their final destination; however, it may end up to be exactly opposite of what a paradise should be. This can be seen in Alex Garland’s The Beach. The novel is about several backpackers, Richard, Francoise, and Etienne, who come together and travel to an island community, their paradise, within Thailand. Ultimately, the story portrays the idea of a utopia-like society taking a turn for the worst and becomingRead MoreDover Beach, An Analysis Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages Dover Beach is located in England, on the eastern shores near France. It is also the setting, and title of a poem written by a well educated man named Matthew Arnold, who is well known as the first modern critic of poetry. According to an article in The Literary Encyclopedia, Arnold was a very spiritual person, but claimed poetry prevailed over philosophy, science, and religion, due to the principle that those things are based on facts, which can be proven wrong over time. The article also saidRead MoreThe Beach Carrier Case Analysis1010 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Beringer ELE 3010 Parnell February 21, 2016 The Beach Carrier 1. What is the nature of the product? What are its strengths and weaknesses? The Beach Carrier is a bag that is large enough to carry all the items that one needs for a day at the beach. It is large enough to carry a beach chair, but when empty, it can be folded down to 12x12 square inch for easy and convenient storage. The strengths of the product are that is more affordable than the competitor’s products and theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dover Beach 998 Words   |  4 PagesArnold uses a range of technical means in order to express a shift in mood and sentiment within the poem ‘Dover Beach’. Rhythm is used as a significant device, Arnold uses an irregular rhythm alongside enjambment to create a discursive style. Arnold switches between using iamb’s and trochee’s, this technique highlights the transformation in tone, as by moving from an unstressed syllable to a stressed syllable the fluidity of the line is broken, this is potentially used to convey the journey from

A Doll’s House and Top Girls - 2459 Words

A Comparative Essay of A Doll’s House and Top Girls Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls both are a pillar of critical writing about the society they were originally produced in and have a central theme of the oppression of women, which makes them great sources of feminist reviews. Although Ibsen â€Å"abandoned the concept that the play was about gender roles† (Urban, 1997), the central question is beyond the original context within which the plays were produced and received. A Doll’s House can be regarded as criticism of the 19th century marriage norm, the work of the naturalist and the romanticist movement, whereas Top Girls considers gender roles and necessary sacrifices of women to be successful and rise above a†¦show more content†¦NORA: But our home has been nothing but a playroom. I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was papas doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. (A Doll’s House,Act 2) Ibsen’s belief about free will and equal rights in marriage is portrayed in the play and he shows a possible way to bring it through while in the meantime he alarms people what may happen if society does not change. Churchill deals with the question differently and puts emphasis on the sacrifice women have to make, pointing out that even if they have the right to live the way they want to - it does not necessarily mean that they have the same facilities. WIN: Let’s face it, vacancies are going to be ones where you will be in competition with younger men. [...] NELL: Because that’s what an employer is going to have doubts about with a lady as I needn’t tell you, whether she’s got guts to push through to a closing situation. They think we are too nice[...] (Caryl Churchill, 1984. Top Girls. Post production. Grat Britain: Methuen London in association with the Royal Court Theatre, Act 2) ‘All quotations are taken from this edition’ Top Girls tends to show that a pushy woman can achieve everything in life – even in business – like Nora did when she managed to obtain a loan and pay it back. The same is true for Marlene: â€Å"Despite her background, Marlene managed to create a good life for herself by working hard and apparently acquiring a decent education† (Petrusso). The difference is,Show MoreRelated Restaurant Scene in Top Girls Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesRestaurant Scene in Top Girls The restaurant scene in Top Girls (TG) revolves around Marlene celebrating her promotion at work, it is purely female gendered, having no male actors present throughout the whole play. The significance of the five guests she has chosen to celebrate with promotes the hard work and sacrifices she has made in order to get where she is. This scene uses women of the past, to highlight struggles of women through the ages, encompassing the theme of women’s experiencesRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin955 Words   |  4 Pagesnot a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought. (53) When she gazed out through her open window, she was seeing her metaphorically unattainable freedom. It’s just like the glass ceiling metaphor, you can see the top, but you can never reach it because of the glass. The open window poses as an invisible barrier separating her from being happy. Mrs. Mallard can see her freedom but cannot obtain it because of her marriage. After reviewing the story a second time aroundRead MoreRealism and Ibsens a Dolls House Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagesthe author strays away from romance and fantasy and leans toward the everyday life of real people and the negative aspects of their lives. The Norwegian author Henrik Ibsen captures the true essence of realism in his famously controversial play A Doll’s House. Nora is an idealistic wife who bows down to her husband’s commands and fulfills his every wish. When Torvald, her husband, fell sick she did everything she could to save his life, going as far as forging her dead father’s signature to receiveRead MoreEssay on The Face of Eating Disorders1599 Words   |  7 Pagesloc ated in the center of the room. As Katie began to take a seat, she opened the brochure’s cover and was alarmed when this beauty’s image gawked at her. With the title â€Å"Eating Disorder Awareness† printed across the top of the page, Katie read the alarming statistics about media’s affect on girls and their self-image. â€Å"The average model, dancer, and actor is calculated to be thinner than 95% of the population† (Briscoe 1). â€Å"Medical records show that anorexia nervosa is the deadliest mental condition, andRead MoreI Am A Hot House1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthe temperature at -14C. The reading had been displayed on roadside lights during our two-hour drive from Iceland’s main airport at Keflavik to reach the four-star, luxury Hotel Ranga. Now, as any of my friends would readily testify, I am a hot-house girl so the nearest I got to bearing any flesh was taking off my gloves to photograph my husband, wearing trunks and, bizarrely, a woolly golf hat, waving merrily from the steaming tub. Water was to become a constant theme for our four-night say in thisRead MoreEssay about Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"a Doll’s House† - Feminism1435 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Feminism† Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a play about a young wife and her husband. Nora and Helmer seem to be madly in love with one another and very happy with their lives together. Yet the conflict comes into this show when Nora brags to her friend Ms. Linde about how she had forged her father’s name to borrow money to save her husband’s life and how she had been secretly paying off this debt. Helmer finds out about this crime and is furious, until he finds that no one will ever knowRead MoreEssay on Womens Roles in Society2664 Words   |  11 Pageshousework, and pretty much taking care of their husbands. â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† by Kate Chopin,† A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen, and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Gilman are all literature pieces talking about the roles women have in society. In â€Å"The story of an Hour, the main character is not happy in her marriage, and she finds out that her husband go t killed, and she felt very free. In A Doll’s House, the main character is not happy with her marriage, because she feels that she is being treatedRead MoreBarbie s Influence On Women s Equal Rights And Opportunities1760 Words   |  8 Pagesopinion of the fashion icon, Barbie, has contributed an impeccable standard for young girls--from the unhealthy body images for girls to the low self-assurance Barbie has brought upon them. To counteract the previous statement, with the help of Barbie’s many job titles, women s equal rights and opportunities have flourished. The creator of Barbie, Ruth Handler, created her so that, â€Å"through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a womanRead MoreIs Children’s Development a Universal Staged Process or a Social and Cultural Process?1547 Words   |  7 Pagesa model of 3 mountains. The largest gray and snow capped, the middle sized brown with a red cross on i t and the smallest was green with a house on top. Children were then asked to sit on one side of the model with a doll at the opposite side. They were asked to arrange three pieces of cardboard shaped like the mountains. They they were asked to chose the doll’s view from 10 pictures and finally what the doll would see from other view points. Children younger than about 7 were unable to see thingsRead MoreA People s History Of The United States Essay1818 Words   |  8 Pagesthe law. In Chapter Six, Zinn has mentioned, â€Å"Sexual abuse of masters against servant girls became commonplace. The court records of Virginia and other colonies show masters brought into court for this, so we can assume that these were especially flagrant cases; there must have been more instances never brought to public light.† Zinn has also used Harriet Jacobs’s story of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl as an example for masters attacking female African slaves. It says, â€Å"à ¢â‚¬ ¦now I entered on

Roman Civil War Compare 69 Ce and 193 Ce Free Essays

Civil War: compare 69 CE and 193 CE. Consider the issues of imperial Succession, the roles of the senate, military importance, and the ultimate settlement. How were they the same and different. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Civil War: Compare 69 Ce and 193 Ce or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Year of the Four Emperors was a year in the history of the Roman Empire, AD 69, in which four emperors ruled in a remarkable succession. These four emperors were Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. The suicide of emperor Nero, in 68, was followed by a brief period of civil war, the first Roman civil war since Mark Antony’s death in 30 BC. Between June of 68 and December of 69, Rome witnessed the successive rise and fall of Galba, Otho and Vitellius until the final accession of Vespasian, first ruler of the Flavian Dynasty. This period of civil war has become emblematic of the cyclic political disturbances in the history of the Roman Empire. The military and political anarchy created by this civil war had serious repercussions, such as the outbreak of the Batavian rebellion. (The Jewish Revolt was already ongoing. )Vespasian did not meet any direct threat to his imperial power after the death of Vitellius. He became the founder of the stable Flavian dynasty that succeeded the Julio-Claudians and died of natural causes as emperor in 79. The Year of the Five Emperors refers to the year 193 AD, in which there were five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor. The five were Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus and Septimius Severus. The year 193 opened with the murder of Commodus on New Year’s Eve, 31 December 192 and the proclamation of the City Prefect Pertinax as Emperor on New Year’s Day, 1 January 193. Pertinax was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard on 28 March 193. Later that day, Didius Julianus outmaneuvered Titus Flavius Sulpicianus (Pertinax’s father-in-law and also the new City Prefect) for the title of Emperor. Flavius Sulpicianus offered to pay each soldier 20,000 sestertii to buy their loyalty (eight times their annual salary; also the same amount offered by Marcus Aurelius to secure their favours in 161). Didius Julianus however offered 25,000 to each soldier to win the auction and was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate on 28 March. However, three other prominent Romans challenged for the throne: Pescennius Niger in Syria, Clodius Albinus in Britain, and Septimius Severus in Pannonia. Septimius Severus marched on Rome to oust Didius Julianus and had him decapitated on 1 June 193, then dismissed the Praetorian Guard and executed the soldiers who had killed Pertinax. Consolidating his power, Septimius Severus battled Pescennius Niger at Cyzicus and Nicea in 193 and then decisively defeated him at Issus in 194. Clodius Albinus initially supported Septimius Severus believing that he would succeed him. When he realised that Severus had other intentions, Albinus had himself declared Emperor in 195 but was defeated by Septimius Severus at the Battle of Lugdunum on 19 February 197. How to cite Roman Civil War: Compare 69 Ce and 193 Ce, Papers